Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, 800005, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Sep 1;195(9):1137. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11785-7.
The present study assessed the hydrological response of land use land cover (LULC) change on the Punpun River basin. High-resolution gridded rainfall and temperature data from the years 1995 to 2020 have been used in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze the hydrological response of the Punpun River basin and water balance components. Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) have been created for the basin. Each HRU is based on a distinct combination of soil, slope, and land use. Five SWAT models have been prepared based on the LULC of every 5-year interval to simulate the basin's hydrological response. The period selected for calibration is 1995-2015 and for validation is 2016-2020 for the modeling of daily streamflow data. The observed and simulated streamflow was checked for performance indices of coefficient of determination (R), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) on daily time steps. The results were found to be good with R = 0.72, NSE = 0.68, and PBIAS = 23.2 for calibration and R = 0.93, NSE = 0.77, and PBIAS = 19.8 for validation. The study reveals that 7.01% of evapotranspiration (ET) was increased from 1995 to 2020 with increase in agricultural area of 21.86%. It was also found that built-up area, surface runoff, and water yield have been increased by 9.14, 14.43, and 17.40%, respectively. Further, the groundwater contribution of the basin was decreased.
本研究评估了土地利用/土地覆被（LULC）变化对蓬蓬河流域水文响应的影响。在地理信息系统（GIS）中使用了来自 1995 年至 2020 年的高分辨率网格化降雨和温度数据，通过土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）来分析蓬蓬河流域的水文响应和水量平衡组成部分。为流域创建了水文响应单元（HRU）。每个 HRU 基于土壤、坡度和土地利用的独特组合。根据每 5 年的 LULC 准备了五个 SWAT 模型，以模拟流域的水文响应。选择 1995-2015 年进行校准，2016-2020 年进行验证，用于对日流量数据进行建模。在日时间步长上，使用确定系数（R）、纳什-苏特克里夫效率（NSE）和偏度百分比（PBIAS）等性能指标检查观测和模拟的流量。结果表明，校准的 R 值为 0.72、NSE 值为 0.68、PBIAS 值为 23.2，验证的 R 值为 0.93、NSE 值为 0.77、PBIAS 值为 19.8，结果较好。研究表明，1995 年至 2020 年，由于农业面积增加了 21.86%，蒸散量（ET）增加了 7.01%。还发现，建成区、地表径流和产水量分别增加了 9.14%、14.43%和 17.40%。此外，流域的地下水贡献减少了。
