Rhodes Tim, Ordoñez Linda Sofía, Acero Camilo, Harris Magdalena, Holland Adam, Sanín Francisco Gutiérrez
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Instituto de Estudios Politicos y Relaciones Internacionales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Int J Drug Policy. 2023 Oct;120:104179. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104179. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
In this paper, we show how the materialisation of chemical harms linked to the cultivation of coca and its processing into coca paste reside in a wider politics of structural violence which is also situated ecologically. Drawing on the qualitative interview accounts of coca farmers in Putumayo, Colombia, we attend to practices of care in the field and in the laboratory. We look first at chemicals used in coca's cultivation (herbicides, fertilizers, pesticides), and second at chemicals (such as sulphuric acid, sodium carbonate, magnesium permanganate) used in the processing of coca leaf into paste (before the paste is sold on for refinement into cocaine). Our analysis highlights the tensions which inevitably arise in the balance and multiplicities of care - for crops, livelihood, and environment. We trace how farmers' narratives of the neutralisation of chemical risks habituate chemical harms as mundane, even uneventful, in an economic imperative to 'carry on as normal' in the coca economy. We emphasise health and harm as matters of care which not only affect humans but living environments. Accounts of 'risk environment' can give insufficient attention to Nature, and this leads us to consider 'ecological harm reduction'.
在本文中，我们展示了与古柯种植及其加工成古柯糊相关的化学危害是如何体现在一种更广泛的结构性暴力政治之中的，而这种政治在生态层面也有所体现。基于对哥伦比亚普图马约地区古柯种植者的定性访谈记录，我们关注了田间和实验室中的照料实践。我们首先考察古柯种植中使用的化学品（除草剂、化肥、杀虫剂），其次考察将古柯叶加工成糊剂（在糊剂被出售用于提炼可卡因之前）所使用的化学品（如硫酸、碳酸钠、高锰酸钾）。我们的分析突出了在对作物、生计和环境的照料的平衡与多样性中不可避免地出现的紧张关系。我们追溯了农民关于化学风险中和的叙述是如何将化学危害习惯化为日常的，甚至是平淡无奇的，这是出于在古柯经济中“一切照旧”的经济必要性。我们强调健康和危害是照料问题，它们不仅影响人类，还影响生活环境。对“风险环境”的描述可能对自然关注不足，这促使我们考虑“减少生态危害”。
