Sparse decomposition enables adaptive and accurate Raman spectral denoising.

Enhancing the quality of spectral denoising plays a vital role in Raman spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of the noise, coupled with the existence of impurity peaks, poses significant challenges to achieving high accuracy while accommodating various Raman spectral types. In this study, an innovative adaptive sparse decomposition denoising (ASDD) method is proposed for denoising Raman spectra. This approach features several innovations. Firstly, a dictionary comprising spectral feature peaks is established from the input spectra by applying a chemometric feature extraction method, which better aligns with the original data compared to traditional dictionaries. Secondly, a dynamic Raman spectral dictionary construction technique is introduced to swiftly adapt to new substances, employing a limited amount of additional Raman spectral data. Thirdly, the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is utilized to sparsely decompose the Raman spectra onto the constructed dictionaries, effectively eliminating various random and background noises in the Raman spectra. Empirical results confirm that ASDD enhances the accuracy and robustness of denoising Raman spectra. Significantly, ASDD surpasses existing algorithms in processing Raman spectra of pesticide.