Mafokwane Tshepo, Djikeng Appolinaire, Nesengani Lucky T, Dewar John, Mapholi Olivia
Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Department of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2023 Aug 23;2023:1906782. doi: 10.1155/2023/1906782. eCollection 2023.
To estimate gastroenteritis disease and its etiological agents in children under the age of 5 years living in South Africa.
A mini literature review of pertinent articles published in ScienceDirect, PubMed, GoogleScholar, and Scopus was conducted using search terms: "Gastroenteritis in children," "Gastroenteritis in the world," Gastroenteritis in South Africa," "Prevalence of gastroenteritis," "Epidemiological surveillance of gastroenteritis in the world," and "Causes of gastroenteritis".
A total of 174 published articles were included in this mini review. In the last 20 years, the mortality rate resulting from diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years has declined and this is influenced by improved hygiene practices, awareness programs, an improved water and sanitation supply, and the availability of vaccines. More modern genomic amplification techniques were used to re-analyze stool specimens collected from children in eight low-resource settings in Asia, South America, and Africa reported improved sensitivity of pathogen detection to about 65%, that viruses were the main etiological agents in patients with diarrhea aged from 0 to 11 months but that , followed by sapovirus and enterotoxigenic had a high incidence in children aged 12-24 months. In addition, co-infections were noted in nearly 10% of diarrhea cases, with rotavirus and being the main co-infecting agents together with adenovirus, enteropathogenic , , or .
This mini review outlines the epidemiology and trends relating to parasitic, viral, and bacterial agents responsible for gastroenteritis in children in South Africa. An increase in sequence-independent diagnostic approaches will improve the identification of pathogens to resolve undiagnosed cases of gastroenteritis. Emerging state and national surveillance systems should focus on improving the identification of gastrointestinal pathogens in children and the development of further vaccines against gastrointestinal pathogens.
评估生活在南非的5岁以下儿童的胃肠炎疾病及其病原体。
使用搜索词“儿童胃肠炎”、“全球胃肠炎”、“南非胃肠炎”、“胃肠炎患病率”、“全球胃肠炎的流行病学监测”和“胃肠炎病因”，对发表于ScienceDirect、PubMed、GoogleScholar和Scopus的相关文章进行小型文献综述。
本小型综述共纳入174篇已发表文章。在过去20年中，5岁以下儿童腹泻导致的死亡率有所下降，这受到卫生习惯改善、宣传项目、水和卫生设施供应改善以及疫苗可及性的影响。在亚洲、南美洲和非洲的八个资源匮乏地区，采用更现代的基因组扩增技术重新分析从儿童收集的粪便标本，结果显示病原体检测灵敏度提高至约65%，病毒是0至11个月腹泻患儿的主要病原体，但在12至24个月儿童中，札幌病毒和产肠毒素性大肠杆菌的发病率较高。此外，近10%的腹泻病例存在合并感染，轮状病毒和诺如病毒是主要合并感染病原体，同时还有腺病毒、致病性大肠杆菌、弯曲杆菌、沙门氏菌或志贺氏菌。
本小型综述概述了南非儿童胃肠炎相关寄生虫、病毒和细菌病原体的流行病学及趋势。增加不依赖序列的诊断方法将改善病原体鉴定，以解决未确诊的胃肠炎病例。新兴的国家和州监测系统应专注于提高儿童胃肠道病原体的鉴定能力以及开发更多针对胃肠道病原体的疫苗。
