Becker Sara, Chowdhury Mohammad, Tavilsup Pattara, Seitz Dallas, Callahan Brandy L
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Aug 17;14:1158546. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1158546. eCollection 2023.
Several psychiatric disorders have been associated with an increased risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease and/or dementia. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, has been understudied in relation to dementia risk. We summarized existing literature investigating the risk of incident neurodegenerative disease or dementia associated with ADHD.
We searched five databases for cohort, case-control, and clinical trial studies investigating associations between ADHD and neurodegenerative diseases/dementia in May 2023. Study characteristics were extracted by two independent raters, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Search terms yielded 2,137 articles, and seven studies (five cohort and two case-control studies) ultimately met inclusion criteria. Studies examined the following types of neurodegeneration: all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Lewy body diseases, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Heterogeneity in study methodology, particularly covariates used in analyses and types of ratios for risk reported, prevented a meta-analysis and data were therefore summarized as a narrative synthesis. The majority of studies (4/7) demonstrated an overall low risk of bias.
The current literature on risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease in ADHD is limited. Although the studies identified present evidence for a link between ADHD and subsequent development of dementia, the magnitude of the direct effect of ADHD on neurodegeneration is yet to be determined and better empirically designed studies are first needed. Furthermore, the mechanism of how or why ADHD is associated with an increased risk of developing a neurocognitive disorder is still unclear and should be explored in future studies.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022348976, the PROSPERO number is CRD42022348976.
几种精神疾病与神经退行性疾病和/或痴呆症的发病风险增加有关。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）作为一种神经发育障碍，在痴呆风险方面的研究较少。我们总结了现有文献，探讨与ADHD相关的新发神经退行性疾病或痴呆症的风险。
2023年5月，我们在五个数据库中检索了队列研究、病例对照研究和临床试验研究，以调查ADHD与神经退行性疾病/痴呆症之间的关联。研究特征由两名独立评估人员提取，并使用纽卡斯尔渥太华量表评估偏倚风险。检索词共得到2137篇文章，最终有七项研究（五项队列研究和两项病例对照研究）符合纳入标准。这些研究考察了以下几种神经退行性变类型：全因性痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和路易体病、血管性痴呆以及轻度认知障碍。研究方法的异质性，特别是分析中使用的协变量和报告风险的比率类型，妨碍了进行荟萃分析，因此数据以叙述性综述的形式进行总结。大多数研究（4/7）显示总体偏倚风险较低。
目前关于ADHD患者发生神经退行性疾病风险的文献有限。尽管现有研究证明了ADHD与随后发生痴呆症之间存在联系，但ADHD对神经退行性变的直接影响程度尚未确定，首先需要设计更好的实证研究。此外，ADHD与神经认知障碍发病风险增加相关的方式或原因仍不清楚，应在未来研究中进行探索。
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022348976，PROSPERO编号为CRD42022348976。
