学龄前儿童的线性头发生长速度。
Linear hair growth rates in preschool children.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford Child Wellness Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
出版信息
Pediatr Res. 2024 Jan;95(1):359-366. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02791-z. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
BACKGROUND
Human scalp hair is a validated bio-substrate for monitoring various exposures in childhood including contextual stressors, environmental toxins, prescription or non-prescription drugs. Linear hair growth rates (HGR) are required to accurately interpret hair biomarker concentrations.
METHODS
We measured HGR in a prospective cohort of preschool children (N = 266) aged 9-72 months and assessed demographic factors, anthropometrics, and hair protein content (HPC). We examined HGR differences by age, sex, race, height, hair pigment, and season, and used univariable and multivariable linear regression models to identify HGR-related factors.
RESULTS
Infants below 1 year (288 ± 61 μm/day) had slower HGR than children aged 2-5 years (p = 0.0073). Dark-haired children (352 ± 52 μm/day) had higher HGR than light-haired children (325 ± 50 μm/day; p = 0.0019). Asian subjects had the highest HGR overall (p = 0.016). Younger children had higher HPC (p = 0.0014) and their HPC-adjusted HGRs were slower than older children (p = 0.0073). Age, height, hair pigmentation, and HPC were related to HGR in multivariable regression models.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified age, height, hair pigment, and hair protein concentration as significant determinants of linear HGRs. These findings help explain the known hair biomarker differences between children and adults and aid accurate interpretation of hair biomarker results in preschool children.
IMPACT
Discovery of hair biomarkers in the past few decades has transformed scientific disciplines like toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, forensics, healthcare, and developmental psychology. Identifying determinants of hair growth in children is essential for accurate interpretation of hair biomarker results in pediatric clinical studies. Childhood hair growth rates define the time-periods of biomarker incorporation into growing hair, essential for interpreting the biomarkers associated with environmental exposures and the mind-brain-body connectome. Our study describes age-, sex-, and height-based distributions of linear hair growth rates and provides determinants of linear hair growth rates in a large population of children. Age, height, hair pigmentation, and hair protein content are determinants of hair growth rates and should be accounted for in child hair biomarkers studies. Our findings on hair protein content and linear hair growth rates may provide physiological explanations for differences in hair growth rates and biomarkers in preschool children as compared to adults.
背景
人类头皮头发是监测儿童期各种暴露的有效生物基质，包括环境应激源、环境毒素、处方或非处方药物。为了准确解释头发生物标志物浓度，需要线性头发生长率（HGR）。
方法
我们对 266 名年龄在 9-72 个月的学龄前儿童进行了前瞻性队列研究，测量了 HGR，并评估了人口统计学因素、人体测量学和头发蛋白含量（HPC）。我们按年龄、性别、种族、身高、头发颜色和季节检查了 HGR 的差异，并使用单变量和多变量线性回归模型来确定与 HGR 相关的因素。
结果
1 岁以下的婴儿（288±61μm/天）的 HGR 比 2-5 岁的儿童慢（p=0.0073）。深色头发的儿童（352±52μm/天）的 HGR 高于浅色头发的儿童（325±50μm/天；p=0.0019）。亚洲儿童的 HGR 总体最高（p=0.016）。年幼的儿童 HPC 较高（p=0.0014），其 HPC 调整后的 HGR 比年长的儿童慢（p=0.0073）。年龄、身高、头发颜色和 HPC 在多变量回归模型中与 HGR 相关。
结论
我们发现年龄、身高、头发颜色和头发蛋白浓度是 HGR 的重要决定因素。这些发现有助于解释儿童与成人之间已知的头发生物标志物差异，并有助于准确解释学龄前儿童的头发生物标志物结果。
影响
在过去几十年中，头发生物标志物的发现改变了毒理学、药理学、流行病学、法医学、医疗保健和发展心理学等科学学科。确定儿童头发生长的决定因素对于准确解释儿科临床研究中的头发生物标志物结果至关重要。儿童时期的头发生长率定义了生物标志物纳入生长中头发的时间段，对于解释与环境暴露和脑-身连接组相关的生物标志物至关重要。我们的研究描述了年龄、性别和身高的线性头发生长率分布，并提供了大量儿童线性头发生长率的决定因素。年龄、身高、头发颜色和头发蛋白含量是头发生长率的决定因素，在儿童头发生物标志物研究中应予以考虑。我们关于头发蛋白含量和线性头发生长率的发现可能为学龄前儿童与成人相比头发生长率和生物标志物的差异提供了生理解释。
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