Pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy.

Chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing is an often-unrecognized cause of cardiomyopathy, despite research that has revealed that chronic RV pacing can cause significant cardiomyopathy and heart failure, leading causes of hospitalization in the United States. Studies have found that chronic RV apical pacing results in ventricular dyssynchrony, reduced cardiac function, and heart failure. This article describes the deleterious effects of permanent cardiac pacemakers and their association with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. More research is needed to investigate other forms of pacing and treatment to prevent ventricular dyssynchrony and myocardial remodeling.