Dan Deblina, Srivastava Nimisha
Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2023 Aug-Sep;21(6):235-257. doi: 10.1089/adt.2023.014. Epub 2023 Sep 5.
Psoriasis is a chronic disease that is caused by multiple factors and is identified by itchiness, unpleasant, red, or white scaly patches on the skin, particularly on regularly chafed body regions such as the lateral areas of the limbs. Reports suggest that globally around 2%-3% of the population suffers from psoriasis. In this review, we have discussed the clinical classification of psoriasis and also the ideal characteristics of the biomarkers. An overview regarding the discovery of the biomarker and method for validating the study has been discussed. A growing body of research suggests a link to certain other systemic symptoms such as cardiovascular disorder, metabolic syndrome, and few other comorbidities such as hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocyte cells that concentrate on the destruction of virally infected and malignant cells; these tend to produce a wide range of inflammatory cytokines, some of which are associated with the etiology of psoriasis. Detailed information on the molecular pathogenesis of psoriasis in which interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and CCL20 play a very significant role in the development of psoriasis. In this review, we have discussed an overview of the recent state of the biomarkers available for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis by emphasizing on the available biomarkers such as epigenomic, transcriptomic, glycomic, and metabolomic. The most recent advancements in molecular-targeted therapy utilizing biologics and oral systemic therapy (methotrexate, apremilast) enable to adequately treat the most serious psoriatic symptoms and also the studies have validated the efficacy of biologic therapy such as TNF-α antagonist (infliximab, adalimumab), IL-23 antagonist (guselkumab, risankizumab), and IL-17 antagonist (secukinumab, ixekizumab). Finally, an overview about the technological opportunities as well as various challenges has been discussed.
银屑病是一种由多种因素引起的慢性疾病，其特征为皮肤瘙痒、出现令人不适的红色或白色鳞屑斑块，尤其是在经常摩擦的身体部位，如四肢外侧。报告显示，全球约2%-3%的人口患有银屑病。在本综述中，我们讨论了银屑病的临床分类以及生物标志物的理想特征。还讨论了生物标志物的发现概况和研究验证方法。越来越多的研究表明，银屑病与某些其他全身症状有关，如心血管疾病、代谢综合征，以及其他一些合并症，如高血压和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。自然杀伤（NK）细胞是淋巴细胞，主要负责破坏病毒感染细胞和恶性细胞；这些细胞倾向于产生多种炎性细胞因子，其中一些与银屑病的病因有关。银屑病的分子发病机制的详细信息表明，白细胞介素（IL）-17、IL-23、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和CCL20在银屑病的发展中起着非常重要的作用。在本综述中，我们通过强调可用的生物标志物，如表观基因组学、转录组学、糖组学和代谢组学，讨论了目前可用于银屑病诊断和治疗的生物标志物的最新情况。利用生物制剂和口服全身治疗（甲氨蝶呤、阿普司特）的分子靶向治疗的最新进展能够充分治疗最严重的银屑病症状，并且研究已经验证了生物治疗的疗效，如TNF-α拮抗剂（英夫利昔单抗、阿达木单抗）、IL-23拮抗剂（古塞库单抗、司库奇尤单抗）和IL-17拮抗剂（苏金单抗、依奇珠单抗）。最后，讨论了技术机遇以及各种挑战的概况。
