Horváth Gergely, Garamszegi László Zsolt, Herczeg Gábor
Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
ELKH-ELTE-MTM Integrative Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
R Soc Open Sci. 2023 Sep 6;10(9):230303. doi: 10.1098/rsos.230303. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The biological significance of behavioural predictability (environment-independent within-individual behavioural variation) became accepted recently as an important part of an individual's behavioural strategy besides behavioural type (individual mean behaviour). However, we do not know how behavioural type and predictability evolve. Here, we tested different evolutionary scenarios: (i) the two traits evolve independently (lack of correlations) and (ii) the two traits' evolution is constrained (abundant correlations) due to either (ii/a) proximate constraints (direction of correlations is similar) or (ii/b) local adaptations (direction of correlations is variable). We applied a set of phylogenetic meta-analyses based on 93 effect sizes across 44 vertebrate and invertebrate species, focusing on activity and risk-taking. The general correlation between behavioural type and predictability did not differ from zero. Effect sizes for correlations showed considerable heterogeneity, with both negative and positive correlations occurring. The overall absolute (unsigned) effect size was high (Zr = 0.58), and significantly exceeded the null expectation based on randomized data. Our results support the adaptive scenario: correlations between behavioural type and predictability are abundant in nature, but their direction is variable. We suggest that the evolution of these behavioural components might be constrained in a system-specific way.
行为可预测性（个体内部与环境无关的行为变异）的生物学意义最近被视为个体行为策略的一个重要部分，与行为类型（个体平均行为）并列。然而，我们尚不清楚行为类型和可预测性是如何进化的。在此，我们测试了不同的进化情景：（i）这两个特征独立进化（缺乏相关性），以及（ii）由于（ii/a）近因限制（相关性方向相似）或（ii/b）局部适应性（相关性方向可变），这两个特征的进化受到限制（存在大量相关性）。我们基于44种脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种的93个效应量进行了一系列系统发育荟萃分析，重点关注活动和冒险行为。行为类型和可预测性之间的总体相关性与零无差异。相关性的效应量显示出相当大的异质性，既有负相关也有正相关。总体绝对（无符号）效应量较高（Zr = 0.58），且显著超过基于随机数据的零期望值。我们的结果支持适应性情景：行为类型和可预测性之间的相关性在自然界中很常见，但其方向是可变的。我们认为这些行为成分的进化可能以系统特定的方式受到限制。
