Bouzzit Aziz, Martinez Loïc, Arciniegas Andres, Hebaz Salah-Eddine, Wilkie-Chancellier Nicolas
Laboratoire SATIE (UMR CNRS 8029), CY Cergy-Paris Université, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Neuville Sur Oise, France.
Laboratoire SATIE (UMR CNRS 8029), CY Cergy-Paris Université, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Neuville Sur Oise, France.
Ultrasonics. 2024 Jan;136:107156. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107156. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
The monitoring of the integrity of the spherical balls inside a ball bearing can be challenging, as it needs to be disassembled in order to access every element of the structure. In this paper, an ultrasonic method is used to directly interrogate the spherical solids. The interaction wave-solid lets us extract material related information. The complex geometry of the ball bearing is simplified to a repetitive assembly of an elementary unit of a solid sphere setting on a plane surface. Understanding of the interaction between the ultrasonic wave and this elementary block is the key to a more general comprehension of the interaction with the complete ball bearing. To achieve this, the interaction between a Rayleigh Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) propagating on a plane and a spherical solid ball setting on that plane is studied, numerically and experimentally. In the experimental configuration, a steel ball is fixed to an aluminum block. Shear wave contact transducers are used to generate SAWs, while a laser vibrometer is employed to precisely measure the ensuing displacements. Subsequently, the collected time series data is carefully visualized and analyzed to discern distinct waves, such as the Rayleigh wave on the block, SAW on the sphere, and the waves generated by the sphere. To complement these experimental findings, a numerical model is created using finite element analysis, faithfully reproducing the experimental conditions. This approach facilitates a comprehensive examination of the displacement field, both on the surface of the sphere and the aluminum block. The extraction of the material related information of the spherical ball is based on the estimation of the resonance frequency of each vibrational mode of the solid sphere. Furthermore, 3D Gabor and dispersion curves from the spatio-temporal signals are used to estimate and analyze these frequencies and to compare the different waves involved in the interaction: the direct Rayleigh waves, the back-generated waves and the waves propagating on the surface of the sphere. The findings demonstrate that the transmitted waves toward the block (back-generated wave) preserve the waveform of the SAW propagating on the sphere, enabling the deduction of the dispersive behavior and extraction of material properties, such as the Rayleigh wave group velocity. The implications of this study are particularly relevant for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDTE) of ball bearings, as the research provides insights into characterizing their integrity without disassembling them. The ability to extract material information from signals measured at the outer ring of ball bearings holds promise for practical applications in assessing their condition.
监测滚珠轴承内部球形滚珠的完整性具有挑战性，因为需要拆卸轴承才能检查结构的每个部件。本文采用超声方法直接检测球形固体。波与固体的相互作用使我们能够提取与材料相关的信息。滚珠轴承的复杂几何形状被简化为一个实心球体基本单元在平面上的重复排列。理解超声波与这个基本单元之间的相互作用是更全面理解与完整滚珠轴承相互作用的关键。为此，对在平面上传播的瑞利表面声波（SAW）与放置在该平面上的球形实心球之间的相互作用进行了数值和实验研究。在实验配置中，一个钢球固定在一个铝块上。剪切波接触式换能器用于产生SAW，而激光测振仪用于精确测量随后的位移。随后，对收集到的时间序列数据进行仔细的可视化和分析，以识别不同的波，如铝块上的瑞利波、球体上的SAW以及球体产生的波。为补充这些实验结果，使用有限元分析创建了一个数值模型，忠实地再现了实验条件。这种方法有助于全面检查球体表面和铝块上的位移场。球形滚珠材料相关信息的提取基于对实心球体每个振动模式共振频率的估计。此外，利用时空信号的三维伽柏变换和频散曲线来估计和分析这些频率，并比较相互作用中涉及的不同波：直接瑞利波、背向产生的波和在球体表面传播的波。研究结果表明，向铝块传播的波（背向产生的波）保留了在球体上传播的SAW的波形，从而能够推断频散行为并提取材料特性，如瑞利波群速度。这项研究的意义对于滚珠轴承的无损检测与评估（NDTE）尤为重要，因为该研究为在不拆卸的情况下表征其完整性提供了见解。从滚珠轴承外圈测量的信号中提取材料信息的能力在评估其状态的实际应用中具有前景。
