Inter-Species Investigation of Biological Traits among Eight Species.

Due to the diversity of species and the limited understanding of their damage processes in rice fields, clarifying the biological properties of distinct species could help create a foundation for effective control techniques. Pot experiments and field competition trials were conducted using eight species to elucidate their biological differences and assess their varying levels of negative impact on rice. The survey outcomes showed that had the highest 1000-grain weight (3.12 g) while had the lowest (0.90 g). The largest grain number per spikelet found in (940) was 3.4 times greater than that in (277). Different species responded variably to changes in temperature and photoperiod. Except for , all species exhibited a shortened growth period with the delay of the sowing date. Under field competitive conditions, all species exhibited significantly greater net photosynthetic rates than rice, with exhibiting the highest photosynthetic capacity. Moreover, in this resource-limited setting, barnyardgrass species had a decrease in tiller formation and panicle initiation but a significant increase in plant height. These findings contribute valuable insights into the biological characteristics of barnyardgrass populations and provide guidance for implementing effective control measures in rice fields.