Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;341:140073. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140073. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
Low-pressure membrane (LPM) filtration, including microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF), is a promising technology for the treatment of surface water for drinking and other purposes. Various configurations and operational sequences have been developed to ensure the sustainable provision of clean water by overcoming fouling problems. In the literature, various periodic physical and/or chemical approaches to the cleaning of LPMs have been reported, but little data is available on the aging of MF/UF membranes that results from the interaction between the foulants and the cleaning agent. Periodic physical cleaning of the membrane is expected to return the membrane to its original performance capacity, but it only recovers to a certain level because the remaining foulants cause irreversible fouling. Chemical cleaning can then be employed to recover the membrane from this irreversible fouling but, in the process, it can cause irrecoverable damage to the membrane. In this review, the foulants responsible for irrecoverable damage to MF/UF membranes are summarized, and their interaction with cleaning agents and other foulants is described. The impact of these foulants on various membrane parameters, including filtration efficiency, flux decline, permeability, membrane characterization, and membrane integrity are also summarized and discussed in detail. In addition, mitigation options and future prospects are also discussed with regard to increasing the operational life span of a membrane in a cost-effective manner. Ultimately, this review suggests an advanced control system based on membrane-foulant interactions under the impact of various operational parameters to mitigate the integrity loss of membranes.
低压膜（LPM）过滤，包括微滤（MF）和超滤（UF），是一种很有前途的技术，可用于处理饮用水和其他用途的地表水。已经开发了各种配置和操作顺序，以通过克服污垢问题来确保可持续提供清洁水。在文献中，已经报道了各种周期性的物理和/或化学方法来清洁 LPM，但关于 MF/UF 膜由于污染物和清洁剂之间的相互作用而老化的数据很少。定期对膜进行物理清洗有望使膜恢复到原始性能，但只能恢复到一定水平，因为残留的污染物会导致不可逆转的污染。然后可以采用化学清洗来使膜从这种不可逆污染中恢复，但在此过程中，膜可能会受到不可恢复的损坏。在这篇综述中，总结了导致 MF/UF 膜不可恢复损坏的污染物，并描述了它们与清洁剂和其他污染物的相互作用。还详细总结和讨论了这些污染物对各种膜参数的影响，包括过滤效率、通量下降、渗透率、膜特性和膜完整性。此外，还讨论了针对增加膜的运行寿命的缓解措施和未来展望，以经济有效的方式进行。最终，该综述建议基于各种操作参数下的膜-污染物相互作用的先进控制系统，以减轻膜完整性的损失。
