Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Saúde, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2024 Jan-Feb;100(1):32-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.007. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
To evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy (OCI) on the mortality of preterm newborns (PTNB) with very low birth weight (VLBW).
Non-randomized clinical trial, carried out with 138 mother-child pairs attended at a public maternity hospital. The treatment group used raw colostrum, dripping 4 drops (0.2 ml) into the oropharyngeal mucosa, totaling 8 administrations in 24 h, up to the 7th complete day of life (OCI). The control group was composed of newborns admitted to the same maternity hospital before the implementation of the OCI. Analyzes were performed: descriptive, bivariate, multiple logistic regression, and survival analysis, with a significance level of 5% and 95% CI.
The treatment group had an RR of death of 0.26 (95% CI = 0.07-0.67; p = 0.00), adjusted for maternal age, marital status, gestational hypertension, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, and birth weight. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) demonstrated that for every 5 individuals treated with OCI, one death was prevented NNT = 4.9 (95% CI = 1.84-5.20); however, for PTNB with VLBW who remained hospitalized for 50, 100 and 150 days, the NNT reduces to 4, 4 and 3, respectively.
The OCI proved to be a beneficial intervention, since it reduced the risk of mortality in PTNB with VLBW when compared to the control group.
评估口咽乳免疫疗法（OCI）对极低出生体重早产儿（PTNB）死亡率的影响。
非随机临床试验，纳入了在一家公立医院就诊的 138 对母婴。治疗组使用生乳，每次 4 滴（0.2 毫升）滴入口腔黏膜，24 小时内共 8 次，直至第 7 个完整的生命日（OCI）。对照组由在 OCI 实施前入住同一家妇产医院的新生儿组成。分析方法：描述性、双变量、多变量逻辑回归和生存分析，显著性水平为 5%和 95%置信区间。
治疗组的死亡风险比为 0.26（95%置信区间=0.07-0.67；p=0.00），调整了母亲年龄、婚姻状况、妊娠高血压、分娩方式、产前检查次数和出生体重。需要治疗的人数（NNT）表明，每治疗 5 例 OCI，就可预防 1 例死亡，NNT=4.9（95%置信区间=1.84-5.20）；然而，对于在医院住院 50、100 和 150 天的 VLBW 极低出生体重 PTNB，NNT 分别降至 4、4 和 3。
OCI 被证明是一种有益的干预措施，因为与对照组相比，它降低了极低出生体重早产儿（PTNB）的死亡率。
