Panda Prateek Kumar, Ramachandran Aparna, Kumar Vinod, Sharawat Indar Kumar
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Neurology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2023 Jul-Sep;14(3):509-515. doi: 10.25259/JNRP_22_2023. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Although several studies have shown sensory processing abnormalities in pediatric subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is significant heterogeneity among their results.
This study was performed to compare the sensory processing abilities of children and adolescents with and without ADHD aged 6-15 years and to correlate the sensory processing problems in these patients, with the symptom profile and severity of ADHD. While child sensory profile-2 (SP-2) was used to assess, the sensory processing abilities of ADHD patients, revised Connor's parent rating scale revised, Malin's intelligence scale for Indian children, grade level assessment device, and child behavior checklist were used to assess ADHD symptom severity, intelligence, learning, and behavioral problems, respectively.
A total of 66 ADHD patients enrolled (60 boys), 22 (28%), 7 (9%), and 49 (63%) cases were the ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), ADHD-inattentive, and ADHD-combined (ADHD-C) types, respectively, and 33 typically developing controls. The ADHD patients had a significantly low raw score on most of the factors, sections, and response patterns of SP-2 ( < 0.05), but only four and one ADHD patients had auditory and visual processing scores outside the normal clinical range. There was a trend toward higher scores in the children with ADHD-C and ADHD-HI subtypes. There was a moderate negative correlation between hyperactivity/impulsivity T-score and auditory processing scores in the SP ( < 0.05, r = -0.43). We observed a negative correlation, although weak, between visual processing scores and hyperactivity/impulsivity and a positive correlation between the severity of conduct disorder-related problems, oppositional defiant problems, anxiety problems, and auditory as well as tactile processing scores ( < 0.05). In the quadrant score summary, the scores for all four types, that is, sensory sensitivity, low registration, sensation avoiding, and sensation seeking, were significantly more in the ADHD group, as compared to healthy controls.
Sensory processing abilities in ADHD children differ from that of typically developing children when objectively assessed, although most of the ADHD children had scores in the clinically normal range. The sensory processing profile also has an impact on the severity and comorbidity profile of ADHD patients.
尽管多项研究表明注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿存在感觉加工异常，但其研究结果存在显著异质性。
本研究旨在比较6至15岁患ADHD和未患ADHD的儿童及青少年的感觉加工能力，并将这些患者的感觉加工问题与ADHD的症状特征及严重程度相关联。使用儿童感觉概况量表-2（SP-2）评估ADHD患者的感觉加工能力，分别使用修订版康纳父母评定量表、印度儿童马林智力量表、年级水平评估工具和儿童行为清单评估ADHD症状严重程度、智力、学习及行为问题。
共纳入66例ADHD患者（60例男孩），其中22例（28%）、7例（9%）和49例（63%）分别为多动冲动型ADHD（ADHD-HI）、注意力不集中型ADHD和混合型ADHD（ADHD-C），以及33例发育正常的对照者。ADHD患者在SP-2的大多数因子、部分及反应模式上原始得分显著较低（<0.05），但仅有4例和1例ADHD患者的听觉和视觉加工得分超出正常临床范围。ADHD-C和ADHD-HI亚型患儿得分有升高趋势。SP中多动/冲动T得分与听觉加工得分之间存在中度负相关（<0.05，r=-0.43）。我们观察到视觉加工得分与多动/冲动之间存在负相关，尽管较弱，品行障碍相关问题、对立违抗问题、焦虑问题的严重程度与听觉及触觉加工得分之间存在正相关（<0.05）。在象限得分总结中，与健康对照相比，ADHD组在感觉敏感、低记录、感觉回避和感觉寻求这四种类型上的得分均显著更高。
客观评估时，ADHD儿童的感觉加工能力与发育正常儿童不同，尽管大多数ADHD儿童得分在临床正常范围内。感觉加工概况也对ADHD患者的严重程度及共病情况有影响。
