Oduro Daniel, Darko Stephanie, Blankson Emmanuel Robert, Mensah Gloria Ivy
Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Microbiol Insights. 2023 Sep 8;16:11786361231195152. doi: 10.1177/11786361231195152. eCollection 2023.
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Increasing concern for human health has led to growing interest in contamination on public beaches. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms originating from anthropogenic activities such as defecation and disposal of sewage on beaches are of special concern. In this study, presence of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial load in beach zones and point sources were investigated.
Sand core samples from the subtidal zone, intertidal zone, supratidal zone and point sources from 5 beaches in Accra, Ghana, were collected and analysed. Total aerobic, coliform and () counts were determined for each zone in the respective beaches. Bacteria isolates were presumptively identified using biochemical tests and confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS.
Mean total aerobic count and total coliform counts ranged from 2.10 to 3.01 log CFU/g and 0.29 to 2.18 log CFU/g respectively while counts ranged from 0.12 to 1.71 log CFU/g for the beaches. Total aerobic count from point sources was 2.4-folds higher than the subtidal zone while total coliform counts were 5-folds higher in the point sources compared to the supratidal zone. Point sources had 10 times ( = .0016) more counts as compared to the subtidal zone. Isolates recovered (n = 35) belonged to 10 bacteria genera. These were spp. (25.7%), spp. (14.3%), spp. (14.3%), (14.3%), (8.6%), spp. (8.6%), (5.7%), (2.9%), (2.9%), and (2.9%).
Point sources are major contributors to contamination on beaches. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in beach sand could be a public health risk. Sensitization on cleanliness in the marine environment including beaches in Ghana is needed to enhance public health and safety.
细菌在海洋环境中普遍存在。对人类健康的日益关注导致人们对公共海滩污染的兴趣日益增加。特别令人担忧的是，海滩上存在源自人为活动（如排便和污水排放）的致病微生物。在本研究中，对海滩区域和点源中的致病细菌存在情况和细菌载量进行了调查。
采集了加纳阿克拉5个海滩的潮下带、潮间带、潮上带和点源的砂芯样本并进行分析。对各个海滩的每个区域测定了总需氧菌、大肠菌群和（此处原文缺失相关细菌名称）计数。使用生化试验对细菌分离株进行初步鉴定，并用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）进行确认。
各海滩的平均总需氧菌计数和总大肠菌群计数分别为2.10至3.01 log CFU/g和0.29至2.18 log CFU/g，而（此处原文缺失相关细菌名称）计数为0.12至1.71 log CFU/g。点源的总需氧菌计数比潮下带高2.4倍，而总大肠菌群计数在点源中比潮上带高5倍。与潮下带相比，点源的（此处原文缺失相关细菌名称）计数多10倍（P = 0.0016）。分离出的菌株（n = 35）属于10个细菌属。这些是（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）属（25.7%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）属（14.3%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）属（14.3%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（14.3%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（8.6%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）属（8.6%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（5.7%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（2.9%）、（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（2.9%）和（此处原文缺失相关细菌属名）（2.9%）。
点源是海滩污染的主要来源。海滩沙子中存在潜在致病细菌可能对公众健康构成风险。需要提高对包括加纳海滩在内的海洋环境清洁的认识，以加强公众健康和安全。
