Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea.
J Appl Microbiol. 2023 Mar 1;134(3). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxad031.
Aeromonas species are bacterial pathogens that cause significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. They are widely distributed in aquatic environments and cause several diseases in both humans and aquatic animals. The presence of various virulent Aeromonas spp. in aquatic environments predisposes infections in aquatic animals and humans. Concern about the transfer of pathogens from fish to humans also increased with the substantial increase in seafood consumption. Aeromonas spp. are also primary human pathogens that cause local and systemic infections, both in immunologically compromised and immunologically competent hosts. The most common Aeromonas spp. causing infections in aquatic animals and humans are A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. caviae, and A. veronii biotype sobria. The ability of Aeromonas spp. to produce a variety of virulence factors enhances their pathogenic ability. Literature has supplied evidence for the presence of various virulence factors, including proteases, enterotoxins, hemolysin, and toxin genes of Aeromonas spp. in aquatic environments. The high prevalence of Aeromonas spp. in the aquatic environment is also a threat to public health. Because the Aeromonas spp. infections in humans are generally the result of ingestion or exposure to contaminated food and water. This review summarizes the recently published information on various virulence factors and virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from various aquatic environments, including seawater, freshwater, wastewater, and drinking water. It is also intended to highlight the risks associated with Aeromonas species' virulence properties for both aquaculture and public health.
气单胞菌属是一种细菌性病原体，在全球水产养殖业造成了重大的经济损失。它们广泛分布于水生环境中，可引起人类和水生动物的多种疾病。各种毒力气单胞菌属在水生环境中的存在使水生动物和人类易感染。随着海鲜消费的大幅增加，人们对病原体从鱼类向人类传播的担忧也增加了。气单胞菌属也是主要的人类病原体，可引起免疫功能受损和免疫功能正常宿主的局部和全身感染。在水生动物和人类中引起感染的最常见的气单胞菌属是嗜水气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌和维罗纳气单胞菌生物型 sobria。气单胞菌属产生多种毒力因子的能力增强了其致病性。文献提供了证据表明，水生环境中存在各种毒力因子，包括蛋白酶、肠毒素、溶血素和气单胞菌属的毒素基因。气单胞菌属在水生环境中的高流行率也对公共卫生构成威胁。因为人类的气单胞菌属感染通常是摄入或接触受污染的食物和水的结果。本综述总结了最近发表的关于从各种水生环境（包括海水、淡水、废水和饮用水）中分离出气单胞菌属的各种毒力因子和毒力基因的信息。它还旨在强调气单胞菌属的毒力特性对水产养殖和公共卫生的相关风险。
