Liu Yue, Yang Shu-Qing, Zhang Wan-Feng, Lou Shuai
College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Torism College of Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Aug 8;44(8):4585-4598. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202210178.
The improvement of saline soil with microbial fertilizer has numerous advantages including high efficiency, green environmental protection, etc. At the same time, applying microbial fertilizer is an effective way to safely use brackish water. Based on the moderately saline soil in the Hetao irrigation area, four treatments of F1 (4500 kg·km), F2 (7500 kg·km), F3 (10500 kg·km), and CK without microbial fertilizer were applied under brackish water irrigation using as the indicator plants. The aim was to study the effects of different microbial fertilizer application rates on soil ions, soil moisture content, pH value, nutrients, and bacterial community in four key growth stages of (flowering stage, fruit expansion stage, full fruit stage, and deciduous stage). The results showed that, compared with that in CK, F1 only significantly decreased Na content in the first two growth stages (<0.05), whereas F2 and F3 significantly decreased Na content in the whole growth period (<0.05), with an average reduction of 33.66% and 57.98%, respectively, and F3 significantly increased soil moisture content (MC), organic matter (OM), alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) contents (<0.05) during the whole growth period. In the flourishing period of , the Shannon index of F3 increased by 4.41% compared with that of CK. The dominant bacterial phyla in the soil were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genera were and . The most abundant functions of bacterial communities in the study area were chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy, with an average relative abundance of 15.07% and 13.16%, respectively. The application of microbial fertilizer increased the chitinolysis function and chloroplast functions of soil bacteria, which F2 increased to the highest degree. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) showed that MC, Na, and OM were important factors affecting the composition of the bacterial community. The correlation heat map showed that MC was positively correlated with Planctomycetes (<0.01), and was positively correlated with AN (<0.01). Compared with that in CK, the F3 treatment increased the relative abundance of and optimized the community structure during the growth period. In conclusion, the application of 10500 kg·km microbial fertilizer (F3 treatment) under brackish water irrigation could significantly reduce soil salinity, increase nutrients, and improve the diversity of the soil bacterial community structure, which is conducive to the safe utilization of brackish water and the maintenance of soil ecological health.
微生物肥料改良盐碱地具有高效、绿色环保等诸多优点。同时，施用微生物肥料是安全利用微咸水的有效途径。基于河套灌区中度盐碱地，以[未提及具体植物名称]为指示植物，在微咸水灌溉条件下设置了F1（4500 kg·km）、F2（7500 kg·km）、F3（10500 kg·km）和不施微生物肥料的CK四个处理。目的是研究不同微生物肥料施用量对[未提及具体植物名称]四个关键生育期（开花期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期和落叶期）土壤离子、土壤含水量、pH值、养分及细菌群落的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，F1仅在前两个生育期显著降低了Na含量（<0.05），而F2和F3在整个生育期均显著降低了Na含量（<0.05），平均降幅分别为33.66%和57.98%，且F3在整个生育期显著提高了土壤含水量（MC）、有机质（OM）、碱解氮（AN）和有效磷（AP）含量（<0.05）。在[未提及具体植物名称]生长旺盛期，F3的香农指数比CK提高了4.41%。土壤中优势细菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门，优势细菌属为[未提及具体属名]和[未提及具体属名]。研究区域细菌群落最丰富的功能是化学异养和好氧化学异养，平均相对丰度分别为15.07%和13.16%。微生物肥料的施用增加了土壤细菌的几丁质分解功能和叶绿体功能，其中F2提升程度最高。典范对应分析（CCA）表明，MC、Na和OM是影响细菌群落组成的重要因素。相关性热图显示，MC与浮霉菌门呈正相关（<0.01），[未提及具体属名]与AN呈正相关（<0.01）。与CK相比，F3处理在生育期增加了[未提及具体属名]的相对丰度并优化了群落结构。综上所述，微咸水灌溉条件下施用10500 kg·km微生物肥料（F３处理）可显著降低土壤盐分，增加养分，改善土壤细菌群落结构多样性，有利于微咸水的安全利用和土壤生态健康的维持。
