Baruch G K, Barnett R C
Child Dev. 1986 Oct;57(5):1210-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00449.x.
The relation between fathers' participation in family work (child care and home chores) and children's sex-role attitudes was examined in an interview study of 160 Caucasian middle-class families. Children were stratified by age level (5-year-olds and 10-year-olds), sex, and maternal employment status. 5 types of paternal participation were assessed--for example, total interaction time, performance of traditionally feminine home chores--using joint estimates by fathers and mothers. Children's attitudes were measured by questionnaire; their occupational aspirations were also assessed. Data are provided on the extent of fathers' participation for each of the 5 types assessed. The direct effects of paternal participation per se on children's attitudes were weak. Among fourth graders, mother's attitude toward the male role was the strongest predictor of stereotyping; children with nontraditional mothers were significantly less stereotyped.
在一项对160个白人中产阶级家庭的访谈研究中，考察了父亲参与家庭工作（照顾孩子和做家务）与孩子性别角色态度之间的关系。孩子按年龄层次（5岁和10岁）、性别和母亲就业状况进行分层。通过父亲和母亲的联合评估，对5种父亲参与类型进行了评估，例如，总互动时间、传统女性家务的执行情况。通过问卷调查来衡量孩子的态度；还评估了他们的职业抱负。提供了关于所评估的5种类型中每种类型父亲参与程度的数据。父亲参与本身对孩子态度的直接影响较弱。在四年级学生中，母亲对男性角色的态度是刻板印象的最强预测因素；有非传统母亲的孩子刻板印象明显较少。
