Department of Anesthesiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Department of Emergency, Cerdanya Hospital, Puigcerdà, Spain; Sistema Emergencies Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; International Commission for Mountain Emergency Medicine (ICAR MedCom), Zurich, Switzerland.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2023 Dec;34(4):606-609. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2023.07.008. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Avalanches have caused injuries and deaths in mountain areas throughout history. We have examined the historical effects of avalanches on communities in the eastern Spanish Pyrenees. Surviving written records began in the year 1444 when an avalanche destroyed the village of Gessa. Many other avalanches since then have destroyed houses and other buildings and have caused injuries and deaths. In the 20th and 21st centuries, many villages evolved from agrarian areas to destinations for winter sports. The first known deaths during winter recreation likely occurred in 1930. Because of avalanche mitigation efforts, including relocating settlements, physical barriers, avalanche control measures, efforts to increase avalanche awareness, and avalanche warnings, avalanches now seldom affect inhabited areas in the eastern Spanish Pyrenees. Avalanche injuries and fatalities are now mainly limited to backcountry skiers and others traveling out of bounds near avalanche-controlled ski resorts.
历史上，山区雪崩曾导致人员伤亡。我们研究了西班牙东部比利牛斯山区雪崩对社区的历史影响。有记载的最早的雪崩事件发生在 1444 年，当时一场雪崩摧毁了盖萨村。此后，许多其他雪崩摧毁了房屋和其他建筑物，造成了人员伤亡。在 20 世纪和 21 世纪，许多村庄从农业区发展成为冬季运动的目的地。在冬季娱乐活动中已知的首例死亡事件可能发生在 1930 年。由于采取了雪崩缓解措施，包括搬迁定居点、物理障碍物、雪崩控制措施、提高雪崩意识的努力以及雪崩预警，现在西班牙东部比利牛斯山区很少有雪崩影响到有人居住的地区。雪崩受伤和死亡现在主要限于偏远地区滑雪者和在雪崩控制的滑雪场附近未经许可滑雪的人员。
