School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Oct;30(47):103424-103462. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29653-9. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
Despite global warming, renewable energy has gained much interest worldwide due to its ability to generate large-scale energy without emitting greenhouse gases. The availability and low cost of wind energy and its high efficiency and technological advancements make it one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Hence, capturing large amounts of wind energy is essential today. The large-scale integration of wind power sources must be evaluated and mitigated to develop a sustainable future power system. Wind energy research and the government are working together to overcome the potential barriers associated with its penetration into the power grid. This paper reviews the social, environmental, and cost-economic impacts of installing large-scale wind energy plants. A valuable review of wind energy technology and its challenges is also presented in this paper, including the effects of wind farms on nearby communities, generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Finally, potential technical challenges to integrating large-scale wind energy into the power grid are reviewed regarding current research and their available mitigation techniques.
尽管全球变暖，但由于可再生能源在不排放温室气体的情况下能够产生大规模能源，因此在全球范围内引起了广泛关注。风能的可用性和低成本，以及其高效率和技术进步，使它成为最有前途的可再生能源之一。因此，今天获取大量风能至关重要。必须评估和缓解大规模风力发电源的集成，以开发可持续的未来电力系统。风能研究和政府正在共同努力，以克服其渗透到电网中的潜在障碍。本文回顾了安装大型风力发电场的社会、环境和成本经济效益。本文还介绍了风力发电技术及其挑战的有价值的综述，包括风电场对附近社区的影响、发电不确定性、电能质量问题、角度和电压稳定性、无功功率支撑和故障穿越能力。此外，还研究了由于风力发电并入电网而导致的社会经济、环境和电力市场挑战。最后，针对当前研究及其可用缓解技术，综述了将大规模风能纳入电网所面临的潜在技术挑战。
