Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Rofo. 2024 Mar;196(3):254-261. doi: 10.1055/a-2130-3162. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
The expert opinions on forensic age diagnostics requested by state institutions are used to show the exceeding of legally relevant age thresholds, especially the completed 18 year of life. According to the recommendations of the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD), this requires - among other things - a determination of skeletal age.
Considering recent scientific knowledge, the current conditions and established skeletal age diagnostics methods are presented. Additionally, this review article sheds light on the influence of ethnicity and socioeconomic status, questions regarding indication, as well as alternative and future developments.
In forensic age diagnostics, particularly hand radiography and thin-slice CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis are relevant for determining skeletal age. The Atlas method of Greulich and Pyle (1959) and the clavicular stages by Schmeling et al. (2004) and Kellinghaus et al. (2010) are primarily used for this. This spectrum of methods, which is based on a very solid database, might be supplemented by MRI studies of the knee joint in the near future.
· Determining skeletal age is an essential part of forensic age diagnostics commissioned by state authorities and courts.. · Hand radiography and CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis form the core of the spectrum of methods recommended by the Study Group of Forensic Age Diagnostics (AGFAD).. · Since the radiological studies required for forensic age diagnostics are not medically indicated, it must be ensured that the legal basis is specifically named in each case when commissioning expert opinions.. · MRI studies of the knee joint might increase the spectrum of methods in the near future..
· Wittschieber D, Hahnemann ML, Mentzel H. Forensic Diagnostics of the Skeletal Age in the Living - Backgrounds and Methodology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 254 - 261.
国家机构要求的法医年龄鉴定专家意见用于表明超过法定相关年龄门槛，特别是已满 18 岁。根据法医年龄鉴定研究小组（AGFAD）的建议，这除其他外还需要确定骨骼年龄。
考虑到最新的科学知识，本文介绍了当前的条件和既定的骨骼年龄鉴定方法。此外，本文还综述了种族和社会经济地位的影响、适应证问题以及替代方法和未来发展。
在法医年龄鉴定中，手部 X 光和锁骨内侧骺骨的薄层 CT 对确定骨骼年龄尤为重要。Greulich 和 Pyle（1959 年）的图谱法和 Schmeling 等人（2004 年）和 Kellinghaus 等人（2010 年）的锁骨分期法主要用于此。该方法范围基于非常可靠的数据库，可能在不久的将来会通过膝关节 MRI 研究得到补充。
·确定骨骼年龄是国家机关和法院委托法医年龄鉴定的重要组成部分。·手部 X 光和锁骨内侧骺骨 CT 构成 AGFAD 推荐方法范围的核心。·由于法医年龄鉴定所需的放射学研究并非医学适应证，因此在委托专家意见时，必须确保在每个案件中都明确规定法律依据。·膝关节 MRI 研究可能在不久的将来增加方法范围。
·Wittschieber D, Hahnemann ML, Mentzel H. Forensic Diagnostics of the Skeletal Age in the Living - Backgrounds and Methodology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 254-261.
