Zhang Yang, Xu Xinlei, Ji Wangyang, Qi Shangzong, Bao Qiang, Zhang Yong, Zhang Yu, Xu Qi, Chen Guohong
Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Yangzhou Tiangge Goose Industry Development Company Limited, Yangzhou, China.
Front Physiol. 2023 Aug 28;14:1241216. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241216. eCollection 2023.
The knob serves as both a sexual indicator of a goose's maturity and a significant packaging attribute that garners consumer attention. However, studies regarding the morphological, anatomical and histological traits of different breeds and ages on the on knob in goose are lacking. In this study, six breeds with typical goose knob types were selected, and their knob size, morphological, anatomical and histological traits were characterized. The results showed that: Knob was more prominent in gander than in female goose, and the difference was the most obvious in Magang goose. Wanxi white goose and Shitou goose had the largest knob bulge, while Magang goose and Sichuan white goose were smaller. The total knob volume of Wanxi White goose and Shitou goose was significantly higher than that of other breeds, regardless of male or female ( < 0.05). The beak volume of Wanxi White goose and gander was significantly higher than that of other goose breeds ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the observation revealed that the "knob" primarily consisted of skin-derived tissue and bony protrusions. As age advances, the knob of both male and female geese undergoes synchronous development, with the knob of male geese typically surpassing that of their female counterparts during the same period. The growth rate of knob in male goose was the fastest from 70 to 120 days of age, and slowed down from 300 to 500 days of age. The growth rate of knob in female goose was slower than that in male goose. There were essential differences in the composition of Yangzhou goose knob and Magang goose knob. The subcutaneous tissue of Magang goose was rich, and the thickness of epidermis, dermis and various layers was significantly smaller than that of Yangzhou goose ( < 0.05). With the growth of goose knob, the cells of the epidermal spinous layer became denser and gradually condensed into an overall structure, and there was a clear boundary between the dermis and epidermis after adult. In adulthood, the fiber fascicle network was staggered and dense, with greater toughness and elasticity, and the stratum corneum, epidermis, reticular layer, dermis and other skin structural layers became thicker.
鹅头瘤既是鹅成熟的性征指标，也是吸引消费者注意的重要包装属性。然而，关于不同品种和年龄鹅头瘤的形态学、解剖学和组织学特征的研究尚缺。本研究选取了六种具有典型鹅头瘤类型的品种，对其鹅头瘤大小、形态学、解剖学和组织学特征进行了表征。结果表明：公鹅的鹅头瘤比母鹅更突出，在马岗鹅中差异最为明显。皖西白鹅和狮头鹅的鹅头瘤隆起最大，而马岗鹅和四川白鹅较小。无论公母，皖西白鹅和狮头鹅的鹅头瘤总体积均显著高于其他品种（<0.05）。皖西白鹅公鹅的喙体积显著高于其他鹅品种（<0.05）。此外，观察发现“鹅头瘤”主要由皮肤衍生组织和骨质突起组成。随着年龄增长，公母鹅的鹅头瘤同步发育，同一时期公鹅的鹅头瘤通常超过母鹅。公鹅鹅头瘤在70至120日龄时生长速度最快，在300至500日龄时减缓。母鹅鹅头瘤的生长速度比公鹅慢。扬州鹅鹅头瘤和马岗鹅鹅头瘤的组成存在本质差异。马岗鹅的皮下组织丰富，表皮、真皮和各层厚度均显著小于扬州鹅（<0.05）。随着鹅头瘤的生长，表皮棘层细胞变得更密集并逐渐凝聚成一个整体结构，成年后真皮和表皮之间有明显界限。成年后，纤维束网络交错且密集，韧性和弹性更大，角质层、表皮、网状层、真皮等皮肤结构层变厚。
