Zerfu Taddese Alemu, Abera Amare, Duncan Alan, Baltenweck Isabelle, McNeill Geraldine
International Food Policy Research Institute (FPRI) Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh (UoE)-Easter Bush Campus Roslin UK.
Food Sci Nutr. 2023 Jun 7;11(9):5157-5165. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3474. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Consumption of animal source foods, through livestock production, improves children's growth and micronutrient status. However, research on the relationship between livestock ownership and childhood anemia has produced conflicting results. The current study used robust analytical approaches to examine the effect of household livestock ownership on children's anemia using the most recent secondary data from the national demographic and health survey. We followed a 1:1 closest neighborhood propensity score matching analysis. A propensity score was generated using the binary logistic regression model to compute the probability of owning livestock. From a total of 18,008 households enrolled in the latest Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016), data of 721 index children aged 6-59 months from households owning livestock were matched with a comparable number (721) of children from households without livestock. The paired and independent t-test, matched relative risk (RR), and standardized mean differences were used to compare the distributions of hemoglobin concentration and anemia risks between treatment and control groups. Anemia was found in more than half (54.1% and 58.8%) of children aged 6-59 months from livestock-owning and nonowning families, respectively ( > .05). Aggregate ownership of livestock was not associated with hemoglobin concentration or anemia status (RR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [0.87-1.04]). Species-wise, poultry was associated with a lower (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.84-0.95]) anemia risk, while ownership of goat/sheep was associated with higher (RR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.03-1.17]) risk. In conclusion, ownership of small livestock species (sheep/goats and poultry), but not aggregate livestock ownership, was associated with the risk of anemia among children in Ethiopia. Therefore, agriculture-sensitive nutrition, with a One Health lens approach, is recommended to mitigate the high burden of anemia among children in Ethiopia. In the future, a well-controlled interventional study with more extended periods may be required to fully understand the effects of livestock production and highlight the differences seen across livestock species.
通过畜牧生产食用动物源食品可改善儿童的生长状况和微量营养素状况。然而，关于家畜所有权与儿童贫血之间关系的研究结果相互矛盾。本研究采用稳健的分析方法，利用全国人口与健康调查的最新二手数据，检验家庭家畜所有权对儿童贫血的影响。我们采用了1:1最近邻倾向得分匹配分析。使用二元逻辑回归模型生成倾向得分，以计算拥有家畜的概率。在最新的埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查）登记的总共18008户家庭中，将拥有家畜家庭中721名6至59个月大的指标儿童的数据与来自无家畜家庭的数量相当（也是721名）的儿童的数据进行匹配。采用配对t检验和独立t检验、匹配相对风险（RR）和标准化均值差异，比较治疗组和对照组之间血红蛋白浓度分布和贫血风险。在拥有家畜和无家畜家庭中，分别有超过一半（54.1%和58.8%）的6至59个月大儿童患有贫血（P＞0.05）。家畜的总拥有量与血红蛋白浓度或贫血状况无关（RR = 0.95，95%置信区间[95%CI][0.87 - 1.04]）。按物种来看，家禽与较低的贫血风险相关（RR = 0.88，95%CI[0.84 - 0.95]），而拥有山羊/绵羊则与较高的风险相关（RR = 1.10，95%CI[1.03 - 1.17]）。总之，小家畜物种（绵羊/山羊和家禽）的所有权，而非家畜总拥有量，与埃塞俄比亚儿童的贫血风险相关。因此，建议采用“同一健康”视角下的农业敏感型营养方法，以减轻埃塞俄比亚儿童贫血的高负担。未来，可能需要进行一项控制良好、时间更长的干预性研究，以充分了解畜牧生产的影响，并突出不同家畜物种之间的差异。
Public Health Nutr. 2021-8
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