Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.
Nutr Res Rev. 2023 Dec;36(2):526-543. doi: 10.1017/S0954422422000233. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Livestock keeping can positively influence the nutritional status of populations and households through increased consumption of animal-source foods (ASF) and other indirect pathways, but can also adversely affect health by increasing the risk of diseases. We conducted a systematic review synthesising the current state of knowledge on the associations among livestock keeping, infectious disease and the nutritional status of children under 5 years and women of reproductive age in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). A comprehensive search of 12 electronic databases and grey literature sources published from 1991 to the end of December 2020 was conducted. Investigations exploring relationships between livestock keeping and risk of infectious disease transmission and nutritional status were selected using pre-defined inclusion criteria. After screening and filtering of 34,402 unique references, 176 references were included in the final synthesis. Most (160/176, 90.1%) of the references included in the final synthesis were from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Asia. About two out of every five (42%) studies reviewed showed that livestock production is associated with improved height-for-age scores (HAZ) and weight-for-length/height scores (WHZ), while close to a third (30.7%) with improved weight-for-age scores (WAZ). Similarly, livestock production showed a positive or neutral relationship with women's nutritional status in almost all the references that reported on the topic. Conversely, four-fifths (66/81, 79.5%) of the references reporting on infection and morbidity outcomes indicated that livestock keeping is linked to a wide range of infectious disease outcomes, which are spread primarily through water, food and insects. In conclusion, in many LMIC settings, livestock production is associated with better nutritional outcomes but also a higher risk of disease transmission or morbidity among women and children.This review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO 2020 [CRD42020193622].
畜牧业可以通过增加动物源食品（ASF）和其他间接途径的消费来积极影响人口和家庭的营养状况，但也会通过增加疾病风险对健康产生不利影响。我们进行了一项系统综述，综合了目前关于低和中低收入国家（LMIC）中畜牧业、传染病和 5 岁以下儿童和育龄妇女营养状况之间关联的知识状况。我们对 12 个电子数据库和灰色文献来源进行了全面搜索，这些文献的发表时间从 1991 年到 2020 年 12 月底。使用预先确定的纳入标准选择了探索畜牧业与传染病传播和营养状况风险之间关系的调查。在筛选和过滤了 34402 条独特的参考文献后，最终综合分析中纳入了 176 条参考文献。最终综合分析中纳入的参考文献（176 条）中，约有 160 条（90.1%）来自撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）和亚洲。审查的研究中约有五分之二（42%）表明，畜牧业生产与改善身高年龄得分（HAZ）和体重长度/身高得分（WHZ）有关，而近三分之一（30.7%）与改善体重年龄得分（WAZ）有关。同样，在报告这一主题的几乎所有参考文献中，畜牧业生产与妇女营养状况呈正相关或中性关系。相反，报告感染和发病结果的参考文献中，有五分之四（66/81，79.5%）表明，畜牧业与各种传染病结果有关，这些结果主要通过水、食物和昆虫传播。总之，在许多 LMIC 环境中，畜牧业生产与更好的营养结果有关，但也与妇女和儿童的疾病传播或发病风险较高有关。本综述前瞻性地在 PROSPERO 2020 上进行了注册[CRD42020193622]。
