Department of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Child Abuse Negl. 2023 Nov;145:106444. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106444. Epub 2023 Sep 11.
Longitudinal studies consistently report adverse long-term outcomes of childhood maltreatment. Little is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on mental health among a marginalized population (New Zealand Māori); therefore, we cannot assume the effects of maltreatment are the same across the population.
Associations were examined between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical punishment (CPP) and childhood neglect (CN) (<16 years) and mental health outcomes 18-40 years, by ethnicity (Māori/non-Māori).
Data from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch in 1977. By age 40, 17.8 % (n = 191) reported New Zealand Māori ethnic identity; 82.2 % (n = 883) were non-Māori.
CSA, CPP (<16 years) were measured at 18, 21 years; CN was measured at 40 years. Major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, alcohol abuse/dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence were measured at ages 21, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years. Childhood confounding variables controlled. Analyses were extended to include Māori ethnicity.
After statistical adjustment, experience of severe childhood maltreatment increased odds of mental health problems 1.8-2.6×, compared to no maltreatment; the effects of maltreatment were similar for males and females. For Māori, some higher rates of mental health problems were seen among those maltreated, no statistically significant associations were detected after Bonferroni correction (among severe maltreatment vs. no maltreatment). Limitations should be considered when interpreting results.
Exposure to childhood maltreatment has long-term effects into middle-age. Further research employing culturally-sensitive approaches may help clarify Māori childhood maltreatment outcomes.
纵向研究一致报告称，儿童期虐待会导致长期不良后果。鲜为人知的是，儿童期虐待对边缘化人群（新西兰毛利人）的心理健康的影响；因此，我们不能假设虐待的影响在整个人群中是相同的。
通过族裔（毛利人/非毛利人）来检查儿童期性虐待（CSA）、儿童期躯体虐待（CPP）和儿童期忽视（CN）（<16 岁）与 18-40 岁时心理健康结果之间的关联。
数据来自基督城健康与发展研究，这是一项对 1977 年出生于基督城的 1265 名儿童进行的队列研究。在 40 岁时，17.8%（n=191）报告具有新西兰毛利人种族身份；82.2%（n=883）为非毛利人。
CSA、CPP（<16 岁）在 18、21 岁时测量；CN 在 40 岁时测量。21、25、30、35 和 40 岁时测量了重度抑郁症、焦虑症、自杀意念、酒精滥用/依赖和大麻滥用/依赖。控制了儿童时期的混杂变量。分析扩展到包括毛利人种族。
在进行统计调整后，与没有虐待相比，经历严重儿童期虐待会使心理健康问题的几率增加 1.8-2.6 倍；虐待对男性和女性的影响相似。对于毛利人，在受虐待者中，一些心理健康问题的发生率更高，但在经过 Bonferroni 校正后，没有发现统计学显著关联（在严重虐待与无虐待之间）。在解释结果时应考虑到局限性。
儿童期受虐待会对中年产生长期影响。采用文化敏感方法的进一步研究可能有助于阐明毛利人儿童期虐待的结果。
