社区药剂师在心血管疾病预防和控制中的作用的系统评价：患者的看法。
A systematic review of the role of community pharmacists in the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases: the perceptions of patients.
机构信息
Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana.
出版信息
Syst Rev. 2023 Sep 14;12(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s13643-023-02338-7.
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally. The modifiable risk factors can be measured and identified early at primary healthcare facilities. Community pharmacists present an opportunity for improved management of cardiovascular diseases and health outcomes. The systematic review aims to identify the roles of community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases and patients' perceptions towards such functions.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The team searched MEDLINE, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, and Web of Science from January 2001 to December 2021 with a focus on studies reporting the role of community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases, and patients' perceptions of such roles. Search terms included were ''interventions,'' ''community pharmacists,'' ''patients,'' ''cardiovascular diseases,'' ''risk factors,'' and "perceptions". The quality of studies was appraised using the Joanne Briggs Institute checklist.
RESULTS
A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria: 35 (78%) and 10 (22%) reported community pharmacists' preventive and control roles, respectively. Generally, drug therapy monitoring, medicine and lifestyle counselling, and health education were most common roles, with pharmacist-initiated prescribing and social support least common. A total of 11 (24%) studies reported patients' perceptions of community pharmacists' contribution in preventing (73%, n = 8) and controlling (27%, n = 3) cardiovascular diseases. Patients were satisfied with community pharmacists' services in 10 of 11 studies.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings highlight community pharmacists' capability of providing primary healthcare services in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases and provide evidence for their inclusion in primary healthcare frameworks. Future research should assess the effectiveness of these roles and provide a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
Open Science Framework (OSF) registration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WGFXT .
背景
心血管疾病是全球范围内主要的死亡原因。可改变的风险因素可以在初级医疗保健设施中被及早测量和识别。社区药剂师为改善心血管疾病的管理和健康结果提供了机会。本系统评价旨在确定社区药剂师在预防和控制心血管疾病以及患者对这些功能的看法方面的作用。
方法
本研究按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行了文献系统评价。团队使用 MEDLINE、EBSCOhost 上的 CINAHL 和 Web of Science，从 2001 年 1 月至 2021 年 12 月进行了搜索，重点是报告社区药剂师在预防和控制心血管疾病以及患者对这些作用的看法的研究。使用的搜索词包括“干预”、“社区药剂师”、“患者”、“心血管疾病”、“风险因素”和“看法”。使用乔安妮·布里格斯研究所检查表评估研究的质量。
结果
共有 45 项研究符合纳入标准：35 项（78%）和 10 项（22%）分别报告了社区药剂师的预防和控制作用。一般来说，药物治疗监测、药物和生活方式咨询以及健康教育是最常见的作用，而药剂师发起的处方和社会支持则最少。共有 11 项（24%）研究报告了患者对社区药剂师在预防（73%，n=8）和控制（27%，n=3）心血管疾病方面贡献的看法。在 11 项研究中有 10 项患者对社区药剂师的服务感到满意。
结论
研究结果强调了社区药剂师在预防和控制心血管疾病方面提供初级保健服务的能力，并为将其纳入初级保健框架提供了证据。未来的研究应该评估这些作用的有效性，并对临床、人文和经济结果进行全面评估。
系统评价注册
Open Science Framework（OSF）注册网址：https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WGFXT。
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