School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Shanghai Jinyi Inspection Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201900, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Oct 1;264:115464. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115464. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
Emissions from the iron and steel industry are a major source of air pollution. To investigate the composition characteristics, estimate the secondary transformation potential, and assess the ecological risk and human health risks of air pollutants from iron and steel industry, field measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and trace metals (TMs) were conducted simultaneously from 2020 to 2022 in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, China. The average mixing concentration of VOCs (ΣVOCs) was 58.2 ppbv. Alkanes, alkenes and aromatics were the major components. Benzene and ethylene were the most abundant VOC species. In the O season, the calculated OH loss rates (L) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were 10.87 S and 181.74 ppbv, respectively, which increased 39.54% and 21.51% compared to the non-O season. Furthermore, the O-VOCs-NOx sensitivity indicated that O formation was under the VOCs-limited regime. The average concentration of total 10 trace metals (ΣTMs) was 226.8 ng m, Zn, Pb and Mn were the top abundant TM species. The results also found that Se was extremely contaminated; Pb and Zn was heavily to extremely contaminated; Cu, As and Ni were moderately to heavily contaminated. For lifetime cancer risk, the cumulative carcinogenic risks were 1.84E-5 for children, 6.14E-5 for adults and 1.83E-5 for workers. The carcinogenic risks of individual chemicals cannot be ignored, especially for Cr, Ni, benzene and 1,3-butadiene. The hazard index values for workers and residents were 0.53 and 2.23, respectively, suggesting a high non-carcinogenic risks to the exposed population. These findings deepen the understanding of the pollutant character of the iron and steel industry, and provide theoretical support for policy development on O pollution treatment and human health in the YRD region, China. For the study area, we recommend utilizing high-quality raw coal, reducing the volatile hydrocarbon content in the sinter feed, and installing absorption device for highly reactive VOC components at the exhaust outlet.
钢铁行业的排放物是空气污染的主要来源。为了研究大气污染物的组成特征、估算二次转化潜力、评估生态风险和人体健康风险，本研究于 2020 年至 2022 年在中国长江三角洲（YRD）地区同时进行了挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和痕量金属（TMs）的现场测量。VOCs（ΣVOCs）的平均混合浓度为 58.2 ppbv。烷烃、烯烃和芳烃是主要成分。苯和乙烯是最丰富的 VOC 物种。在 O 季节，计算的 OH 损失率（L）和臭氧形成潜力（OFP）分别为 10.87 S 和 181.74 ppbv，分别比非 O 季节增加了 39.54%和 21.51%。此外，O-VOCs-NOx 敏感性表明 O 形成处于 VOCs 限制状态。ΣTMs 的平均浓度为 226.8 ng m，Zn、Pb 和 Mn 是最丰富的 TM 物种。结果还发现，Se 污染严重；Pb 和 Zn 污染严重到极严重；Cu、As 和 Ni 污染中度到严重。对于终生癌症风险，儿童的累积致癌风险为 1.84E-5，成人的为 6.14E-5，工人的为 1.83E-5。个别化学物质的致癌风险不容忽视，特别是 Cr、Ni、苯和 1,3-丁二烯。工人和居民的危害指数值分别为 0.53 和 2.23，表明暴露人群存在高的非致癌风险。这些发现加深了对钢铁行业污染物特征的认识，为中国 YRD 地区 O 污染治理和人体健康政策制定提供了理论支持。对于研究区域，建议利用优质原煤，减少烧结原料中挥发性烃含量，并在排气口安装高反应性 VOC 成分吸收装置。
