School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; SLR Consulting Australia Pty Ltd, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
Waste Manag. 2023 Dec 1;172:11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.044. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
Sustainable implementation of thermochemical conversion of biomass to targeted products is dependent on innovations in catalyst design and tuning of structure-property relationships. This study details the use of potassium feldspar (K-feldspar) as a support doped with different iron (Fe) concentrations via wet impregnation (WI) method for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sugarcane bagasse anaerobic digestate. The Fe/K-feldspar supported catalysts were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller and Scanning Electron Microscopy analytical methods. Amongst all the catalysts, K-feldspar dopped with 10 wt% Fe (WI-10) was more effective, producing 51.2 wt% bio-crude. The catalyst's activity has been related to the balanced proportion of the microcline: sanidine: haematite (2.8:3.3:1) phases of Fe present on the catalyst, the surface area (porosity), and the surface functionality, thus conferring desirable activity properties. In addition, the WI-10 catalyst had a better selectivity towards substituted phenols that can potentially be used for higher-value applications such as the production of Nylons 6 and 66, and bioplastics. The bio-oil produced with WI-10 has also been demonstrated to be highly stable. The catalyst was reusable up to four times maintaining moderate catalytic performance, and a simple regeneration protocol was shown to restore the activity of the catalyst. The resulting solid residue also exhibited promise as a viable material for use in electrodes for Lithium-ion batteries (LiB). Therefore, this research has demonstrated a promising and sustainable resource recovery strategy for valorising wet biomass wastes into streams of useful products for valuable chemical production and energy application.
可持续地实现生物质的热化学转化为目标产物，依赖于催化剂设计的创新和结构-性能关系的调整。本研究详细介绍了通过湿法浸渍（WI）方法，用不同铁（Fe）浓度掺杂钾长石（K-长石）作为载体，用于甘蔗渣厌氧消化物的水热液化（HTL）。使用 X 射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 和扫描电子显微镜分析方法对 Fe/K-长石负载催化剂进行了合成和表征。在所有催化剂中，掺杂 10wt%Fe 的 K-长石（WI-10）效果更好，产生了 51.2wt%的生物原油。催化剂的活性与催化剂上存在的微斜长石：正长石：赤铁矿（2.8:3.3:1）相的铁的平衡比例、比表面积（孔隙率）和表面功能有关，从而赋予了所需的活性特性。此外，WI-10 催化剂对取代酚具有更好的选择性，这些酚类物质可能用于生产尼龙 6 和 66 以及生物塑料等更高价值的应用。用 WI-10 生产的生物油也被证明具有高度的稳定性。该催化剂可重复使用四次，保持适度的催化性能，并且显示出一种简单的再生方案可以恢复催化剂的活性。所得的固体残留物也表现出作为锂离子电池（LiB）电极中可行材料的潜力。因此，这项研究展示了一种有前途和可持续的资源回收策略，可将湿生物质废物转化为有价值的化学制品和能源应用的有用产品流。
