Operative Management for Displaced Distal Clavicle Fractures.

This article reviews techniques and outcomes of surgical fixation for distal clavicle fractures. Near 100% union has been reported for several techniques. The most common are locked plating, coracoclavicular fixation and a combination of plating with CC fixation. Hook plates are useful for particular fracture patterns, but there can be complications specific to this implant. Low-profile constructs are favored due to the high rates of symptomatic hardware. Fixation of subacute and chronic injuries can provide reliable functional improvements, but is inferior to acute fixation. Surgery is generally the treatment of choice for displaced fractures in athletes.