Volkmar F R, Cohen D J
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1986 Oct;7(5):324-9. doi: 10.1097/00004703-198610000-00011.
The pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), as exemplified by infantile autism, are a group of severe childhood neuropsychiatric disorders of early onset in which multiple areas of social, communicative, and cognitive development are disturbed. Although these disorders often are associated with some degree of mental retardation and various medical and neurological abnormalities, they are distinctive in their course and outcome, and in the patterns of development deficit. These conditions, which are expressed as the final behavioral syndrome, probably have many different causes. Whereas organic factors clearly are implicated, no precise etiological mechanisms have been established. Management of these disorders includes appropriate educational and behavioral intervention. Efforts are needed to define these disorders more precisely, and to identify relevant subgroups, to further studies of pathophysiology.
广泛性发育障碍（PDD），如婴儿自闭症，是一组严重的儿童期神经精神障碍，起病早，社会、沟通和认知发展的多个领域均受到干扰。尽管这些障碍通常与一定程度的智力迟钝以及各种医学和神经学异常有关，但它们在病程和结局以及发育缺陷模式方面具有独特性。这些表现为最终行为综合征的病症可能有许多不同的病因。虽然有机因素显然与之相关，但尚未确立确切的病因机制。对这些障碍的管理包括适当的教育和行为干预。需要做出努力以更精确地界定这些障碍，并识别相关亚组，以便进一步开展病理生理学研究。
