Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2023 Nov 1;325(5):R645-R663. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00325.2022. Epub 2023 Sep 18.
Asthma is a disorder of the airways characterized by chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and variable recurring airway obstruction. Treatment options for asthma include pharmacological strategies, whereas nonpharmacological strategies are limited. Established pharmacological approaches to treating asthma may cause unwanted side effects and do not always afford adequate protection against asthma, possibly because of an individual's variable response to medications. A potential nonpharmacological intervention that is most available and cost effective is inspiratory muscle training (IMT), which is a technique targeted at increasing the strength and endurance of the diaphragm and accessory muscles of inspiration. Studies examining the impact of IMT on asthma have reported increases in inspiratory muscle strength and a reduction in the perception of dyspnea and medication use. However, because of the limited number of studies and discordant methods between studies more evidence is required to elucidate in individuals with asthma the efficacy of IMT on inspiratory muscle endurance, exercise capacity, asthma control, symptoms, and quality of life as well as in adolescents with differing severities of asthma. Large randomized controlled trials would be a significant step forward in clarifying the effectiveness of IMT in individuals with asthma. Although IMT may have favorable effects on inspiratory muscle strength, dyspnea, and medication use, the current evidence that IMT is an effective treatment for asthma is inconclusive.
哮喘是一种气道疾病，其特征为慢性气道炎症、气道高反应性和可变的反复气道阻塞。哮喘的治疗选择包括药物治疗策略，而非药物治疗策略有限。已确立的治疗哮喘的药物方法可能会引起不良反应，并且并不总是能提供对哮喘的充分保护，这可能是因为个体对药物的反应不同。一种最可用且具有成本效益的潜在非药物干预措施是吸气肌训练（IMT），它是一种旨在增强膈肌和辅助吸气肌力量和耐力的技术。研究吸气肌训练对哮喘影响的报告显示，吸气肌力量增加，呼吸困难和药物使用减少。然而，由于研究数量有限，且研究之间的方法不一致，需要更多的证据来阐明吸气肌耐力、运动能力、哮喘控制、症状和生活质量以及不同严重程度哮喘的青少年个体中，IMT 对哮喘的疗效。大型随机对照试验将是阐明哮喘患者 IMT 有效性的重要一步。尽管 IMT 可能对吸气肌力量、呼吸困难和药物使用有有利影响，但目前 IMT 是治疗哮喘的有效方法的证据尚无定论。
