Galbicka G, Platt J R
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1986 Oct;12(4):371-80.
Pecking of pigeons was reinforced under a modified interval-percentile procedure that allowed independent manipulation of overall reinforcement rate and the degree to which reinforcement depended on interresponse-time duration. Increasing the contingency, as measured by the phi coefficient, between reinforcement and long interresponse times while controlling the overall rate of reinforcement systematically increased the frequency of those interresponse times and decreased response rate under both of the reinforcement rates studied. Increasing reinforcement rate also generally increased response rate, particularly under weaker interresponse-time contingencies. Random-interval schedules with comparable reinforcement rates generated response rates and interresponse-time distributions similar to those obtained with moderate-to-high interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies. These results suggest that interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in random-interval and constant-probability variable-interval schedules exercise substantial control over responding independent of overall reinforcement rate effects. The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies inherent in these schedules may actually mask the effects of overall reinforcement rate; thus differences in response rate as a function of reinforcement rate when interresponse-time reinforcement is eliminated may be underestimated.
在一种经过改进的间隔百分位数程序下，鸽子的啄击行为得到了强化，该程序允许独立操纵总体强化率以及强化依赖于反应间隔时间长短的程度。在控制总体强化率的同时，通过phi系数衡量，增加强化与长反应间隔时间之间的关联性，会系统地增加那些反应间隔时间的频率，并降低在所研究的两种强化率下的反应率。增加强化率通常也会提高反应率，尤其是在较弱的反应间隔时间关联性条件下。具有可比强化率的随机间隔程序产生的反应率和反应间隔时间分布，与在中等至高反应间隔时间强化关联性条件下获得的结果相似。这些结果表明，随机间隔和恒定概率可变间隔程序中固有的反应间隔时间强化关联性，对反应施加了实质性控制，而与总体强化率效应无关。这些程序中固有的反应间隔时间强化关联性实际上可能掩盖了总体强化率的效应；因此，当消除反应间隔时间强化时，作为强化率函数的反应率差异可能被低估。
