Blough D S
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Sep;9(5):581-91. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-581.
A new schedule of reinforcement was used to maintain key-pecking by pigeons. The schedule reinforced only pecks terminating interresponse times which occurred least often relative to the exponential distribution of interresponse times to be expected from an ideal random generator. Two schedule parameters were varied: (1) the rate constant of the controlling exponential distribution and (2) the probability that a response would be reinforced, given that it met the interresponse-time contingency. Response rate changed quickly and markedly with changes in the rate constant; it changed only slightly with a fourfold change in the reinforcement probability. The schedule produced stable rates and high intra- and inter-subject reliability, yet interresponse time distributions were approximately exponential. Such local interresponse time variability in the context of good overall control suggests that the schedule may be used to generate stable, predictable, yet sensitive baseline rates. Implications for the measurement of rate are discussed.
采用一种新的强化程序来维持鸽子的啄键行为。该程序仅强化那些终止反应间隔时间的啄击，这些间隔时间相对于理想随机发生器预期的反应间隔时间指数分布而言出现频率最低。改变了两个程序参数：（1）控制指数分布的速率常数；（2）给定反应满足反应间隔时间条件时其被强化的概率。反应速率随速率常数的变化迅速且显著；强化概率变化四倍时，反应速率仅略有变化。该程序产生了稳定的速率以及较高的受试者内和受试者间可靠性，然而反应间隔时间分布近似呈指数分布。在良好的总体控制背景下这种局部反应间隔时间变异性表明该程序可用于生成稳定、可预测且敏感的基线速率。讨论了对速率测量的影响。
