Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 19;18(9):e0285855. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285855. eCollection 2023.
Phylogenetic relationships within the oestroid subclades Rhinophorinae (Calliphoridae) and Polleniidae were reconstructed for the first time, applying a Sanger sequencing approach using the two protein-coding nuclear markers CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase; 1794 bp) and MCS (molybdenum cofactor sulfurase; 2078 bp). Three genera of Polleniidae and nineteen genera of Rhinophorinae were analyzed together with a selection of taxa representing the major lineages of Oestroidea (non-rhinophorine Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae). The selected markers provide good resolution and moderate to strong support of the distal branches, but weak support for several deeper nodes. Polleniidae (cluster flies) emerge as monophyletic and their sister-group relationship to Tachinidae is confirmed. Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy as currently circumscribed emerges as paraphyletic with regard to Melanodexia Williston, and Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy is the sister taxon of the Morinia-Melanodexia clade. We propose a classification with two subfamilies, Moriniinae Townsend (including Morinia, Melanodexia, and Alvamaja Rognes), and Polleniinae Brauer & Bergenstamm (including Pollenia, Dexopollenia Townsend, and Xanthotryxus Aldrich). Anthracomyza Malloch and Nesodexia Villeneuve are considered as Oestroidea incertae sedis pending further study. Rhinophorinae (woodlouse flies) emerge as monophyletic and sister to a clade composed of (Ameniinae + (Ameniinae + Phumosiinae)), and a tribal classification is proposed with the subfamily divided into Rhinophorini Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 and Phytonini Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (the Stevenia-group and the Phyto-group of authors, respectively). Oxytachina Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, stat. rev. is resurrected to contain nine Afrotropical rhinophorine species currently assigned to genus Rhinomorinia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891: Oxytachina approximata (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. atra (Bischof, 1904) comb. nov., O. bisetosa (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. capensis (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893) comb. nov., O. scutellata (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. setitibia (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. verticalis (Crosskey, 1977) comb. nov., O. vittata Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, and O. xanthocephala (Bezzi, 1908) comb. nov.
首次应用 Sanger 测序方法，利用两个蛋白质编码核标记 CAD（氨甲酰磷酸合成酶 2、天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶和二氢乳清酸脱氢酶；1794 bp）和 MCS（钼辅因子硫酶；2078 bp），重建了 Oestroidea 亚目中 Rhinophore 亚科（Calliphoridae 非 Rhinophorinae）和 Polleniidae 的系统发育关系。对 Polleniidae（家蝇科）和 19 个 Rhinophore 亚科属进行了分析，同时选择了代表 Oestroidea 主要谱系的一些分类单元（非 Rhinophorinae Calliphoridae、Oestridae、Sarcophagidae、Tachinidae）。所选标记物提供了良好的分辨率和对远端分支的适度至强烈支持，但对几个更深的节点支持较弱。家蝇科（家蝇）作为单系群出现，其与 Tachinidae 的姐妹群关系得到确认。Melanodexia Williston 中目前定义的 Morinia Robineau-Desvoidy 作为并系群出现，而 Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy 是 Morinia-Melanodexia 分支的姊妹类群。我们提出了一个分类方案，包括两个亚科，即 Moriniinae Townsend（包括 Morinia、Melanodexia 和 Alvamaja Rognes）和 Polleniinae Brauer & Bergenstamm（包括 Pollenia、Dexopollenia Townsend 和 Xanthotryxus Aldrich）。Anthracomyza Malloch 和 Nesodexia Villeneuve 被认为是 Oestroidea incertae sedis，有待进一步研究。Rhinophorinae（土鳖）作为单系群出现，与一个由（Ameniinae + （Ameniinae + Phumosiinae））组成的分支关系密切，提出了一个部落分类方案，将亚科分为 Rhinophoreini Robineau-Desvoidy，1863 和 Phytonini Robineau-Desvoidy，1863（作者的 Stevenia 组和 Phyto 组）。Oxytachina Brauer & Bergenstamm，1891，stat. rev. 被复活，包含目前归入 Rhinomorinia Brauer & Bergenstamm，1891 的 9 种非洲 Rhinophore 种：Oxytachina approximata（Crosskey，1977）组合。nov.，O. atra（Bischof，1904）组合。nov.，O. bisetosa（Crosskey，1977）组合。nov.，O. capensis（Brauer & Bergenstamm，1893）组合。nov.，O. scutellata（Crosskey，1977）组合。nov.，O. setitibia（Crosskey，1977）组合。nov.，O. verticalis（Crosskey，1977）组合。nov.，O. vittata Brauer & Bergenstamm，1891 和 O. xanthocephala（Bezzi，1908）组合。nov.。
