Zhang Lingyue, Tang Chuyang Y, Tang Chu, Wang Huijing, Wang Jianchao, Li Ruiying, Feng Haopeng, Yue Dongbei
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China.
Small. 2024 Feb;20(5):e2305807. doi: 10.1002/smll.202305807. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
Surfactant-like contaminants (SLCs) with distinctive amphiphilic structures have become a global concern in wastewater due to their toxicity and persistency. Despite extensive efforts, achieving efficient and selective SLCs removal remains challenging because of their wide range of molecular weights and complex functional group compositions. Superhydrophobic nanoparticles can potentially tackle this challenge by targeting the long oleophilic chains of SLCs. However, conventional contact angle measurements hinder hydrophobicity characterization and corresponding selectivity research because of the powder morphology of nanoparticles. Herein, the authors offered information regarding the distribution of water molecular probes in surfaces and proposed a quantitative characterization approach based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Through synthesizing superhydrophobic and hydrophilic polydopamine nanospheres with similar morphologies, the selective adsorption potential of superhydrophobic nanoparticles for SLCs is systematically demonstrated. As revealed by the interaction mechanisms, the superhydrophobic surface of nanospheres increased its affinity and selectivity for SLCs adsorption by enhancing hydrophobic interactions. Superhydrophobic modification achieved ten times the adsorption capacity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, an exemplified surfactant, compared with pristine nanoparticles. By regulated self-polymerization, the superhydrophobic nanospheres are coated onto the surface of a 3D sponge and enable efficient selective SLCs adsorption from highly polluted leachate matrices with long-term stability and reusability.
具有独特两亲结构的类表面活性剂污染物（SLCs）因其毒性和持久性已成为全球废水处理领域关注的问题。尽管人们付出了巨大努力，但由于SLCs分子量范围广且官能团组成复杂，实现高效、选择性去除SLCs仍然具有挑战性。超疏水纳米颗粒有望通过靶向SLCs的长亲油链来应对这一挑战。然而，由于纳米颗粒的粉末形态，传统的接触角测量阻碍了疏水性表征及相应的选择性研究。在此，作者提供了关于水分子探针在表面分布的信息，并提出了一种基于低场核磁共振的定量表征方法。通过合成具有相似形态的超疏水和亲水聚多巴胺纳米球，系统地证明了超疏水纳米颗粒对SLCs的选择性吸附潜力。相互作用机制表明，纳米球的超疏水表面通过增强疏水相互作用提高了其对SLCs吸附的亲和力和选择性。与原始纳米颗粒相比，超疏水改性使作为示例的表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的吸附容量提高了十倍。通过调控自聚合，超疏水纳米球被包覆在三维海绵表面，能够从高污染渗滤液基质中高效、选择性地吸附SLCs，并具有长期稳定性和可重复使用性。
