School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology.
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham.
J Comp Psychol. 2024 May;138(2):108-117. doi: 10.1037/com0000362. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
Goodyear and Kamil (2004) assessed the ability of Clark's nutcrackers to find buried food based on a cross-shaped array of landmarks at different distances from the goal. Their findings suggested that proximal landmarks overshadowed learning about distal landmarks, and this was attenuated when assessing the effect of distal landmarks on learning about proximal landmarks. In this study, we aimed to replicate their findings in human spatial navigation by using a virtual environment. Three groups of participants were trained in an open environment featuring orientation cues, and they had to find a hidden goal with reference to four landmarks that were arranged in the shape of a cross and placed at different distances from the goal. Two of the four landmark distances were common across all three groups to allow a comparison of the extent of overshadowing under comparable conditions. Following training, all participants were tested with each of the four landmarks individually. Consistent with the results in birds, we observed better performance in the groups with more distal landmarks, suggesting that overshadowing was greater in the groups with closer landmarks and thus dependent on the spatial distance between the landmarks and the goal. Landmarks near the goal more effectively overshadowed landmarks far from the goal. A second experiment, in which landmarks and orientation cues were misaligned in order to prevent the use of a straightforward solution to the task, replicated the results. The results are discussed in terms of a modification of Pearce's configural model. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
古德伊尔和卡米尔（2004 年）评估了道氏榛鸡根据距离目标不同的十字形地标阵列寻找埋藏食物的能力。他们的发现表明，近端地标会掩盖对远端地标学习的影响，而当评估远端地标对近端地标学习的影响时，这种影响会减弱。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过使用虚拟环境复制他们在人类空间导航中的发现。三组参与者在具有定向线索的开放环境中接受训练，他们必须参考排列成十字形且放置在距离目标不同距离的四个地标找到隐藏的目标。四个地标中的两个距离在所有三个组中都是共同的，以允许在可比条件下比较遮蔽的程度。训练后，所有参与者都单独使用四个地标中的每一个进行测试。与鸟类的结果一致，我们观察到具有更远距离地标组的表现更好，这表明在具有更近距离地标组中遮蔽作用更大，因此取决于地标和目标之间的空间距离。靠近目标的地标更有效地遮蔽了远离目标的地标。第二个实验，地标和定向线索被不对齐，以防止使用任务的直接解决方案，复制了结果。结果根据皮尔斯的组态模型的修改进行了讨论。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
