Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 21;18(9):e0291611. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291611. eCollection 2023.
The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of outgrowers' programs on the food security of smallholder poultry farming households in Osun State. Using multi-stage sampling technique, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of outgrowers' programs in the study area. Descriptive statistics, food security index, and Heckman's selection model were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that outgrowers and non-outgrowers were on the average, 49 and 45 years old, with about 12 and 8 years of experience in poultry farming, respectively. The Poultry Farmers' Association was represented by 97% of outgrowers and 47% of non-outgrowers. There were four major broiler outgrowers' programs existing in the area. The Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers' program and Osun Broiler Outgrowers' program adopted a fixed contract model, whereas, the Dayntee Farm and GS Farm outgrowers' programs employed a semi-fixed contract model. The incidence of food insecurity was 18% for outgrowers and 35% for non-outgrowers, with food insecurity depth and severity being 0.025 and 0.033 for outgrowers and 0.134 and 0.52 for non-outgrowers, respectively. The study found a significant difference in outgrowers' perceptions of food insecurity as well as their coping strategies. The major perceived indicators of food insecurity were inadequate resource endowment (MD = 0.758, p<0.01) and consumption of low-cost food (MD = 0.0658, p<0.01). Food acquisition on credit (WMS = 1.700), meals adjustment (WMS = 1.425), and cooking methods' modification (WMS = 1.875) strategies were adopted to cope with food insecurity. Participation in the outgrowers' program was influenced by membership of Poultry Farmers' Association, credit access and flock sizes and the significant predictors of food security among the poultry farming households were outgrowers' participation, household size, gender, marital status and credit access. It was therefore inferred that outgrowers were considerably more food secure than the non-outgrowers, encouraging the need to scale up the program in the poultry industry. Introduction of flexible regulations and reproductive education would make the program more rewarding to the poultry farming households.
本研究旨在探讨外扩计划对奥孙州小农户家禽养殖家庭粮食安全的影响。研究采用多阶段抽样技术，设计了一份结构化问卷，以收集研究区域内外扩计划受益人和非受益人的信息。采用描述性统计、粮食安全指数和赫克曼选择模型对数据进行分析。结果表明，外扩户和非外扩户的平均年龄分别为 49 岁和 45 岁，家禽养殖经验分别约为 12 年和 8 年。外扩户中有 97%是家禽养殖者协会成员，而非外扩户中只有 47%是家禽养殖者协会成员。该地区存在四个主要的肉鸡外扩计划。Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers 计划和 Osun Broiler Outgrowers 计划采用固定合同模式，而 Dayntee Farm 和 GS Farm 外扩计划采用半固定合同模式。外扩户的粮食不安全发生率为 18%，而非外扩户的粮食不安全发生率为 35%，外扩户的粮食不安全深度和严重程度分别为 0.025 和 0.033，而非外扩户的粮食不安全深度和严重程度分别为 0.134 和 0.52。研究发现，外扩户对粮食不安全的看法以及他们的应对策略存在显著差异。粮食不安全的主要感知指标是资源禀赋不足（MD = 0.758，p<0.01）和低成本食品消费（MD = 0.0658，p<0.01）。为了应对粮食不安全，外扩户采取了信贷食品采购（WMS = 1.700）、膳食调整（WMS = 1.425）和烹饪方法修改（WMS = 1.875）等策略。参与外扩计划受到家禽养殖者协会成员身份、信贷获取以及禽群规模的影响，而家禽养殖家庭粮食安全的显著预测因素是外扩户的参与、家庭规模、性别、婚姻状况和信贷获取。因此，可以推断外扩户比非外扩户的粮食安全状况要好得多，这鼓励在禽业扩大该计划。引入灵活的规定和生殖教育将使该计划对家禽养殖家庭更有价值。
