National Dairy Research Institute-Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, USA.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Jun;202(6):2547-2563. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03856-0. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of dietary inorganic and organic chromium (Cr) supplementation on blood biochemical constituents and mineral concentrations as well as the changes in the mineral composition of internal organs of Black Bengal goats. Thirty Black Bengal kids of 3 to 5 months (5.40 ± 0.34 kg body weight) were allocated randomly to five treatment groups. The five groups were control (without added Cr in a basal diet), 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg of inorganic Cr, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg of organic Cr added per kilogram of feed dry matter. The duration of the experiment was 150 days during which the changes in the blood biochemical and mineral concentrations at 0, 30, 60, and 150 days were evaluated. At the end of the trial, mineral composition in the muscle, skin, and internal organs (liver, lungs, kidney, heart, spleen, and testis) were analyzed. Any blood variables were not affected at or before 60 days of Cr supplementation. Both inorganic and organic Cr supplementation lowered (P < 0.05) concentrations of blood glucose, cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyric acid after 60 days of Cr supplementation. Organic Cr-supplemented groups exhibited higher (P < 0.05) blood insulin concentration and neutrophil activity compared to the control. Supplementation of Cr in either form had no substantial effect (P > 0.05) on the blood hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, total protein, albumin, globulin, immunoglobulin G, total antioxidant capacity, and liver enzymes (aminotransferases) concentration, and also blood minerals (zinc, iron, and manganese) concentration. Blood Cr and copper concentrations were increased (P < 0.05) due to both organic and inorganic Cr supplementation. Minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese) concentrations of internal organs of Cr-supplemented groups were mostly not affected (P > 0.05) by Cr supplementation. However, the concentrations of Cr and copper in blood and Cr in all internal organs, skin, and muscle of organic Cr-supplemented groups were higher (P < 0.05) than in those fed the basal diet. In conclusion, dietary inorganic and organic Cr supplementation, especially the organic form, after long term supplementation (> 60 days) could be beneficial in regulating blood glucose and fat metabolism and the immune status of Black Bengal goats.
本研究旨在评估日粮无机铬和有机铬（Cr）补充对血液生化成分和矿物质浓度以及孟加拉黑山羊内脏器官矿物质组成的影响。将 30 只 3 至 5 月龄（5.40±0.34kg 体重）的孟加拉黑山羊随机分配到五个处理组。五组分别为对照组（基础日粮中不添加 Cr）、1.0、1.5mg/kg 无机 Cr、1.0 和 1.5mg/kg 有机 Cr。试验期为 150 天，期间评估了 0、30、60 和 150 天血液生化和矿物质浓度的变化。试验结束时，分析了肌肉、皮肤和内脏器官（肝、肺、肾、心、脾和睾丸）中的矿物质组成。在补充 Cr 前或前 60 天，任何血液变量均未受到影响。无机和有机 Cr 补充均降低了补充 Cr 60 天后血液中葡萄糖、皮质醇、非酯化脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸的浓度（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，补充有机 Cr 的组血液中胰岛素浓度和中性粒细胞活性更高（P<0.05）。两种形式的 Cr 补充对血液血红蛋白、总白细胞计数、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白 G、总抗氧化能力和肝脏酶（氨基转移酶）浓度以及血液矿物质（锌、铁和锰）浓度均无显著影响（P>0.05）。由于有机和无机 Cr 的补充，血液 Cr 和铜浓度增加（P<0.05）。Cr 补充组各内脏器官（钙、磷、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰）的矿物质浓度不受 Cr 补充的影响（P>0.05）。然而，与基础日粮相比，有机 Cr 补充组的血液和所有内脏器官、皮肤和肌肉中的 Cr 和铜浓度更高（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮无机和有机 Cr 补充，尤其是有机形式，长期补充（>60 天）可有益于孟加拉黑山羊的血糖和脂肪代谢以及免疫状态的调节。
