An individualized and multi-segmental bioheat model for predicting local conditions of the human body under various thermal environments.

Thermoregulatory bioheat models have attracted the attention of researchers due to their conformity with the basis of human thermal perception. For this reason, various models have been presented, such as simplified thermoregulatory bioheat (STB), individualized thermoregulatory bioheat (ITB), and multi-segmental thermoregulatory bioheat (MSTB). In the present study and based upon previous models, an individual multi-segment thermoregulatory bioheat (IMTB) model has been introduced. In this model, the body is subdivided into 17 segments and 3 layers, with the blood circulatory system consisting of arteries, veins, and superficial veins. Also, IMTB can evaluate the individual parameters effects (such as height, weight, gender, and age) on physiological parameters and active/passive systems. Finally, this new model was evaluated in human thermal response predictions over a wide range of transient and steady-state environmental conditions (5.0< T(°C) <50.0, 31.0 < RH (%)<70.0) and various individual characteristics (male and female, 20 < age (years) < 69, 50<weight (kg) < 92, and 1.5<height(m) < 1.9). The results indicated that the new model agreed well with empirical data and the average mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.1, 0.5, and 0.3 °C for core, local, and mean skin temperature, respectively.