Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Oct;57:337-345. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.011. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
There are few data on micronutrient intake in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in micronutrients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of adequacy in micronutrient intake according to the recommendations, and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in older adults with T2D.
One hundred thirty-eight patients (47 women and 91 men) with T2D aged over 65 years were included. Dietary habits were assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls. The micronutrient intake, expressed as mean daily intake, and adequacy were compared with the dietary recommendations proposed by the Italian Society of Human Nutrition (LARN) and the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated by the MEDI-quest score.
An extremely low proportion of participants (∼1%) adhered to the recommendations for potassium and vitamin D intake. A low proportion of participants adhered to the recommendations for calcium (∼23%), magnesium (∼16%), selenium (∼17%), vitamin E (∼14%), riboflavin (∼28%), vitamin B (∼29%), folate (∼25%), and niacin (∼27%) intake. More than 60% of the population adhered to the recommendations for iron, copper, vitamin A and B intake. Only 53% of the population showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet.
Our data indicate that a very low proportion of older adults with T2D meet the recommendations for ten micronutrients (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin E, riboflavin, vitamin B, folate, and niacin) with an unsatisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Nutritional approaches aimed at favoring adherence to dietary recommendations and increasing the consumption of foods rich in micronutrients should be implemented in older adults.
关于 2 型糖尿病（T2D）老年患者的微量营养素摄入及其对富含微量营养素的地中海饮食模式的依从性，相关数据较少。在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了根据建议摄入微量营养素的充足性的流行率，以及 T2D 老年患者对地中海饮食的依从性。
共纳入 138 例年龄在 65 岁以上的 T2D 患者（47 名女性和 91 名男性）。通过 3 次 24 小时膳食回顾评估饮食习惯。将微量营养素的摄入量（表示为平均每日摄入量）与意大利人类营养学会（LARN）和欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）提出的膳食建议进行比较。采用 MEDI-QUEST 评分评估地中海饮食的依从性。
仅有约 1%的参与者非常遵守钾和维生素 D 的推荐摄入量。只有约 23%的参与者遵守钙、16%的参与者遵守镁、17%的参与者遵守硒、14%的参与者遵守维生素 E、28%的参与者遵守核黄素、29%的参与者遵守维生素 B、25%的参与者遵守叶酸和 27%的参与者遵守烟酰胺的推荐摄入量。超过 60%的人群遵守铁、铜、维生素 A 和 B 的推荐摄入量。只有 53%的人群对地中海饮食表现出高度的依从性。
我们的数据表明，患有 T2D 的老年患者中，仅有非常低的比例（10 种微量营养素，即钙、钾、镁、硒、维生素 D、维生素 E、核黄素、维生素 B、叶酸和烟酰胺）符合推荐摄入量，对地中海饮食的依从性也较差。应在老年人群中实施营养干预措施，以促进对膳食建议的依从性，并增加富含微量营养素的食物的摄入。
