Advanced Biomaterials and Carbon Development Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2024;26(5):699-709. doi: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2260004. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
A major worldwide challenge that presents significant economic, environmental, and social concerns is the rising generation of food waste. The current work used chicken bones (CB) and rice (R) food waste as alternate precursors for the production of activated carbon (CBRAC) by microwave radiation-assisted ZnCl activation. The adsorption characteristics of CBRAC were investigated in depth by removing an organic dye (crystal violet, CV) from an aquatic environment. To establish ideal conditions from the significant adsorption factors (A: CBRAC dosage (0.02-0.12 g/100 mL); B: pH (4-10); and C: duration (30-420), a numerical desirability function of Box-Behnken design (BBD) was utilized. The highest CV decolorization by CBRAC was reported to be 90.06% when the following conditions were met: dose = 0.118 g/100 mL, pH = 9.0, and time = 408 min. Adsorption kinetics revealed that the pseudo-first order (PFO) model best matches the data, whereas the Langmuir model was characterized by equilibrium adsorption, where the adsorption capacity of CBRAC for CV dye was calculated to be 57.9 mg/g. CV adsorption is accomplished by several processes, including electrostatic forces, pore diffusion, π-π stacking, and H-bonding. This study demonstrates the use of CB and R as biomass precursors for the efficient creation of CBRAC and their use in wastewater treatment, resulting in a greener environment.
全世界面临的一个主要挑战是食物浪费的产生,这不仅对经济、环境和社会造成了重大影响。本研究采用鸡骨(CB)和大米(R)等食物废弃物作为前驱体,通过微波辐射辅助 ZnCl2 活化法制备了一种新型活性炭(CBRAC)。采用从水相中去除有机染料(结晶紫,CV)的方法深入研究了 CBRAC 的吸附特性。为了从显著的吸附因素(A:CBRAC 剂量(0.02-0.12g/100mL);B:pH(4-10);和 C:时间(30-420)中建立理想条件,采用 Box-Behnken 设计(BBD)的数值可接受性函数。当满足以下条件时,CBRAC 对 CV 的最大脱色率为 90.06%:剂量=0.118g/100mL,pH=9.0,时间=408min。吸附动力学表明,准一级(PFO)模型最符合数据,而 Langmuir 模型则以平衡吸附为特征,其中 CBRAC 对 CV 染料的吸附容量计算为 57.9mg/g。CV 的吸附是通过静电作用力、孔扩散、π-π 堆积和氢键等多种过程完成的。本研究表明,采用 CB 和 R 作为生物质前驱体,可以有效地制备 CBRAC,并将其应用于废水处理,从而实现更绿色的环境。