Ortiz-Escobar Luisa Maria, Chavarria Mario Andres, Schönenberger Klaus, Hurst Samia, Stein Michael Ashley, Mugeere Anthony, Rivas Velarde Minerva
Institute of Ethics, History, and Humanities, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Cali, Colombia.
Front Rehabil Sci. 2023 Sep 6;4:1238158. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1238158. eCollection 2023.
Despite scientific and technological advances in the field of assistive technology (AT) for people with visual impairment (VI), technological designs are frequently based on a poor understanding of the physical and social context of use, resulting in devices that are less than optimal for their intended beneficiaries. To resolve this situation, user-centred approaches in the development process of AT have been widely adopted in recent years. However, there is a lack of systematization on the application of this approach. This systematic review registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022307466), assesses the application of the ISO 9241-210 human-centred design principles in allegedly "user-centred designed" AT developments for persons with VI (see Supplementary PROSPERO Protocol). The results point to a wide variation of the depth of understanding of user needs, a poor characterization of the application of the User Centred Design (UCD) approach in the initial design phases or in the early prototyping, and a vague description of user feedback and device iteration. Among the principles set out in ISO 9241-210, the application of 5.6: "the design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives" is the one for which the least evidence is found. The results show there is not enough evidence to fully assess the impact of UCD in (1) promoting innovation regarding AT products and practices, and (2) Judging if AT produced following such standards is leading to better user access, wellbeing outcomes and satisfaction. To address this gap it is necessary to, first, generate better implementation of UCD in AT development and second, to strengthen evidence regarding the implementation and outcomes of using UCD for AT. To better engage with the realities of persons with VI, we propose capacity building across development teams regarding UCD, its principles and components; better planning for UCD implementation; and cross-fertilization across engineering disciplines and social and clinical science.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=307466 PROSPERO (CRD42022307466).
尽管在为视力障碍者（VI）提供辅助技术（AT）的领域取得了科技进步，但技术设计往往基于对使用的物理和社会环境的理解不足，导致设备对其预期受益者而言并非最优。为解决这一情况，近年来在AT开发过程中广泛采用了以用户为中心的方法。然而，该方法的应用缺乏系统性。这项在PROSPERO（CRD42022307466）注册的系统评价，评估了ISO 9241-210以人为本设计原则在据称“以用户为中心设计”的针对视力障碍者的AT开发中的应用（见补充的PROSPERO协议）。结果表明，对用户需求的理解深度差异很大，在初始设计阶段或早期原型制作中，以用户为中心设计（UCD）方法的应用描述不佳，对用户反馈和设备迭代的描述也很模糊。在ISO 9241-210规定的原则中，5.6“设计团队包括多学科技能和观点”这一原则的应用证据最少。结果显示，没有足够的证据来全面评估UCD在（1）促进AT产品和实践的创新方面，以及（2）判断遵循此类标准生产的AT是否能带来更好的用户使用机会、福祉结果和满意度方面的影响。为填补这一空白，首先有必要在AT开发中更好地实施UCD，其次要加强关于将UCD用于AT的实施和结果的证据。为了更好地应对视力障碍者的实际情况，我们建议在开发团队中就UCD及其原则和组成部分进行能力建设；更好地规划UCD的实施；以及在工程学科与社会和临床科学之间进行交叉融合。
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=307466 PROSPERO（CRD42022307466）
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