College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Development Research Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100038, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15;904:167337. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167337. Epub 2023 Sep 23.
A new innovative methodology system framework for source apportionment and source-specific risk assessment has been proposed and actively applied to identify the contamination characteristics, oriented sources and health risks associated with contamination levels of Heavy metals (HMs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils, a typical cold agricultural region in Northeastern China. To achieve this meaningful goal, a large-scale dataset including 1780 top soil samples, 10 HMs and 16 priority PAHs has been organized and collected from a typical study area in China. The total concentrations of the 10 selected HMs in study area range from 0.05 to 2147.40 mg/kg, with an average of 549.25 ± 541.37 mg/kg. The average concentrations of PAHs for (3-6)-rings are 16.60 ± 18.90, 26.40 ± 28.20, 9.51 ± 13.00 and 1.99 ± 5.30 ng/g, respectively. On the base of optimized literature source fingerprints for HM and PAH, a widely used receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been applied to apportion the contamination sources HMs and PAHs in soils. Then source-specific health risk of soil HMs and PAHs have been assessed using the probabilistic incremental lifetime cancer risk model incorporated with source apportionment results data. Fertilizer residues/coke oven comprise the primary contamination source contributors of HMs and PAHs with corresponding contributions of 32.23 % and 27.93 % for HMs and 37.94 % for PAHs. Fertilizer/pesticide residues contributes most to the risks of soil HMs (28.8 %), followed by fossil fuel combustion (24.6 %), mining activities (20.2 %), traffic and vehicle emission (16.3 %) and electroplating/dyeing (14.1 %). Meanwhile, the ranking of health risks from the five identified contamination sources of soil PAHs are resident discharge, coal-fired boilers, coke oven emission, gasoline combustion and power plant, with the contribution of 27.1 %, 25.3 %, 17.3 %, 15.5 % and 14.8 %. And relatively, source-specific risk assessment demonstrates fossil fuel and coal combustion contribute the greatest impact to the total risk of HMs and PAHs (61.7 % and 56.1 %), respectively. This study provides a good example of how the source specific health risk assessment can be utilized to reduce the contamination in soils.
已提出并积极应用一种新的创新方法系统框架，用于源解析和特定源风险评估，以识别中国东北地区一个典型的寒冷农业区土壤中重金属（HMs）和多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染特征、定向源和与污染水平相关的健康风险。为了实现这一有意义的目标，从中国的一个典型研究区域组织和收集了包括 1780 个表层土壤样本、10 种 HMs 和 16 种优先 PAHs 在内的大型数据集。研究区域中 10 种选定 HMs 的总浓度范围为 0.05 至 2147.40 mg/kg，平均值为 549.25 ± 541.37 mg/kg。（3-6）-环的 PAHs 的平均浓度分别为 16.60 ± 18.90、26.40 ± 28.20、9.51 ± 13.00 和 1.99 ± 5.30 ng/g。在优化了用于 HMs 和 PAH 的文献源指纹的基础上，应用了一种广泛使用的受体模型，即正矩阵因子分解（PMF），以分配土壤中 HMs 和 PAHs 的污染源。然后，使用结合了源解析结果数据的概率增量终生癌症风险模型评估土壤 HMs 和 PAHs 的特定源健康风险。肥料残渣/焦炉是 HMs 和 PAHs 的主要污染源，相应的贡献率分别为 32.23%和 27.93%，而 PAHs 的贡献率为 37.94%。肥料/农药残渣对土壤 HMs 的风险贡献最大（28.8%），其次是化石燃料燃烧（24.6%）、采矿活动（20.2%）、交通和车辆排放（16.3%）以及电镀/染色（14.1%）。同时，从土壤 PAHs 的五个已识别污染源的健康风险排名来看，居民排放、燃煤锅炉、焦炉排放、汽油燃烧和电厂的贡献率分别为 27.1%、25.3%、17.3%、15.5%和 14.8%。相比之下，特定源风险评估表明，化石燃料和煤炭燃烧对 HMs 和 PAHs 的总风险贡献最大（分别为 61.7%和 56.1%）。本研究为如何利用特定源健康风险评估来减少土壤污染提供了一个很好的范例。
