Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Europastr. 6, 72072, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2024 Feb;52(2):373-389. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01466-8. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
The present investigation deals with individual differences in habitual (trait-level) mind wandering and their effects on learning. We hypothesized that the 'positive-constructive' type of habitual mind wandering would promote task-related thinking and the 'poor-attention' type to promote task-unrelated thinking. This hypothesis was tested in a study with 200 participants who rated different aspects of their mind wandering in daily life in one session and completed a reading study in a second session. The reading study included thought probes, retrospective questions about readers' thought contents, and comprehension tests after reading. In line with our hypothesis, data analysis revealed that some forms of positive-constructive mind wandering were positively associated with text-related thought, whereas poor-attention mind wandering was positively associated with text-unrelated thought. The present results add to the literature by emphasizing different types of trait-level mind wandering and their potentially opposite effects on learning.
本研究探讨了习惯性（特质层面）心流的个体差异及其对学习的影响。我们假设“积极建设性”型的习惯性心流将促进与任务相关的思维，而“注意力差”型将促进与任务无关的思维。这一假设在一项有 200 名参与者的研究中得到了检验，他们在一次会议上对日常生活中的不同方面进行了习惯性心流的评价，并在第二次会议上完成了一项阅读研究。阅读研究包括思维探针、读者思维内容的回顾性问题以及阅读后的理解测试。与我们的假设一致，数据分析显示，某些形式的积极建设性心流与与文本相关的思维呈正相关，而注意力差的心流与与文本无关的思维呈正相关。本研究结果强调了特质层面心流的不同类型及其对学习可能产生的相反影响，为相关文献增添了新的内容。
