Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2023 Jul-Dec;23(10):987-1003. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245326. Epub 2023 Oct 5.
Many pediatric patients with malignant tumors continue to suffer poor outcomes. The current standard of care includes maximum safe surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiation which may be associated with considerable long-term morbidity. The emergence of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) may provide an alternative or adjuvant treatment for pediatric oncology patients.
We reviewed seven virus types that have been investigated in past or ongoing pediatric tumor clinical trials: adenovirus (AdV-tk, Celyvir, DNX-2401, VCN-01, Ad-TD-nsIL-12), herpes simplex virus (G207, HSV-1716), vaccinia (JX-594), reovirus (pelareorep), poliovirus (PVSRIPO), measles virus (MV-NIS), and Senecavirus A (SVV-001). For each virus, we discuss the mechanism of tumor-specific replication and cytotoxicity as well as key findings of preclinical and clinical studies.
Substantial progress has been made in the past 10 years regarding the clinical use of OVT. From our review, OVT has favorable safety profiles compared to chemotherapy and radiation treatment. However, the antitumor effects of OVT remain variable depending on tumor type and viral agent used. Although the widespread adoption of OVT faces many challenges, we are optimistic that OVT will play an important role alongside standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant pediatric solid tumors in the future.
许多患有恶性肿瘤的儿科患者仍预后不良。目前的治疗标准包括最大限度地安全手术切除，然后进行化疗和放疗，这可能会导致相当大的长期发病率。溶瘤病毒治疗（OVT）的出现可能为儿科肿瘤患者提供替代或辅助治疗。
我们回顾了过去或正在进行的儿科肿瘤临床试验中研究过的七种病毒类型：腺病毒（AdV-tk、Celyvir、DNX-2401、VCN-01、Ad-TD-nsIL-12）、单纯疱疹病毒（G207、HSV-1716）、牛痘病毒（JX-594）、呼肠孤病毒（pelareorep）、脊髓灰质炎病毒（PVSRIPO）、麻疹病毒（MV-NIS）和塞内卡病毒 A（SVV-001）。对于每种病毒，我们讨论了肿瘤特异性复制和细胞毒性的机制，以及临床前和临床研究的关键发现。
在过去的 10 年中，OVT 的临床应用取得了重大进展。从我们的综述中可以看出，与化疗和放疗相比，OVT 具有良好的安全性。然而，OVT 的抗肿瘤作用仍因肿瘤类型和所用病毒制剂而异。尽管 OVT 的广泛应用面临许多挑战，但我们乐观地认为，OVT 将与标准的化疗和放疗一起，在未来为恶性儿科实体肿瘤的治疗发挥重要作用。
