Luo Dankun, Wang Haiwei, Wang Qiang, Liang Wenping, Liu Bo, Xue Dongbo, Yang Yang, Ma Biao
Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Front Oncol. 2022 Mar 17;12:839536. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.839536. eCollection 2022.
Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.
溶瘤病毒具有选择性杀死受感染肿瘤细胞并触发保护性免疫的能力。因此，溶瘤病毒疗法已成为一种有前景的抗癌免疫疗法策略。来自不同病毒科的多种病毒已被证明具有溶瘤潜力。塞内卡病毒A（SVA）是首个在人体中测试其溶瘤潜力的小RNA病毒，并且显示出可通过血管系统穿透实体瘤。SVA具有多种使其成为合适模型的特性，例如它无法整合到人类基因组DNA中，并且不存在任何病毒编码的致癌基因。此外，基于感染性克隆操作对SVA进行基因工程改造有助于开发具有更高治疗指数的重组病毒，以满足安全性和有效性法规的标准。本综述总结了SVA基因工程的当前知识和策略，并探讨了SVA作为溶瘤剂目前面临的挑战和未来方向。
