Brown S E, Collett M G, Matthews Z M, Marshall J C, Dittmer K E
Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
N Z Vet J. 2024 Jan;72(1):45-52. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2263399. Epub 2023 Dec 10.
Necropsies on Toggenburg goats culled from a small farm in the Manawatū district of New Zealand, performed at Massey University (Palmerston North, NZ) over a period of 29 years (1991-2019), revealed soft tissue mineralisation, particularly of cardiovascular tissues. The farm spans 10 acres and runs between 15 and 30 Toggenburg goats. The goats are predominantly on pasture comprising a variety of types.
Necropsies were performed on all adult goats (n = 45) that died or were euthanised. Histopathology was performed on 42 goats (93%), of which 33 (73%) included sufficient tissues diagnostically relevant to soft tissue mineralisation. The most significant gross findings were in various arteries, with the aorta most commonly affected, followed by the heart and lungs. The aortic intima showed prominent, multifocal to coalescing, raised, wrinkled, white plaques. Microscopically there were multiphasic lesions of mineralisation, chondroid, and osseous metaplasia in the elastic arteries, aorta, heart and lungs. A lumbar vertebra from one goat had prominent, basophilic, fibrillar, tangled matrix lining Haversian canals and lamellae.
Blood samples were collected from 15 adult goats in the affected herd and from 10 adult Toggenburg goats from an unaffected herd. Samples were collected by jugular venipuncture at 2-month intervals for 12 months (April 2018-March 2019). Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and D (25OHD, 25OHD) in serum were analysed. The concentration of total 25OHD in serum was 34.2 (95% CI = 18.9-49.4) nmol/L (p < 0.001) higher in goats from the affected herd than in goats from the unaffected herd. Serum 25OHD concentration was 46.2 (95% CI = 39.2-53.2) nmol/L higher (p < 0.001) in goats from the affected herd compared to the unaffected herd. Serum Ca concentrations in affected goats were 0.101 (95% CI = 0.005-0.196) mmol/L higher (p = 0.039) than unaffected goats, but remained within the reference range. There was no evidence of a difference in serum 25OHD and P concentration between the herds.
All paddocks on the property were surveyed every 2 months along evenly spaced line transects, and then further traversed perpendicularly to form a grid. No known calcinogenic species were identified. Known plant sources of vitamin D identified on the farm included mushrooms (species not defined), , lichen, pine pollen, and algae.
Soft tissue mineralisation and enzootic calcinosis.
Veterinarians are alerted to the possibility of either enzootic calcinosis in goats and the potential occurrence of calcinogenic plants in New Zealand; or chronic vitamin D toxicosis of non-plant origin.
对从新西兰马纳瓦图地区一个小农场淘汰的托根堡山羊进行尸检，这些尸检在梅西大学（新西兰北帕默斯顿）进行，历时29年（1991 - 2019年），结果显示存在软组织矿化，尤其是心血管组织。该农场占地10英亩，饲养15至30只托根堡山羊。山羊主要以多种类型的牧场为食。
对所有死亡或被安乐死的成年山羊（n = 45只）进行了尸检。对42只山羊（93%）进行了组织病理学检查，其中33只（73%）有足够的与软组织矿化诊断相关的组织。最显著的大体检查结果出现在各种动脉中，主动脉最常受累，其次是心脏和肺。主动脉内膜可见突出的、多灶性至融合性的、隆起的、皱缩的白色斑块。显微镜下，在弹性动脉、主动脉、心脏和肺中可见矿化、软骨样化生和骨化生的多相性病变。一只山羊的腰椎椎体哈弗斯管和骨板内衬有突出的、嗜碱性的、纤维状的、缠结的基质。
从受影响畜群的15只成年山羊和未受影响畜群的10只成年托根堡山羊采集血样。通过颈静脉穿刺每隔2个月采集样本，持续12个月（2018年4月至2019年3月）。分析血清中钙、磷、25 - 羟基维生素D和D（25OHD，25OHD）的浓度。受影响畜群的山羊血清中总25OHD浓度比未受影响畜群的山羊高34.2（95%可信区间 = 18.9 - 49.4）nmol/L（p < 0.001）。与未受影响畜群相比，受影响畜群的山羊血清25OHD浓度高46.2（95%可信区间 = 39.2 - 53.2）nmol/L（p < 0.001）。受影响山羊血清钙浓度比未受影响山羊高0.101（95%可信区间 = 0.005 - 0.196）mmol/L（p = 0.039），但仍在参考范围内。没有证据表明畜群之间血清25OHD和磷浓度存在差异。
每隔2个月沿着等距的线状样带对农场的所有围场进行调查，然后垂直穿过样带形成网格。未发现已知的致钙化物种。在农场鉴定出的已知维生素D植物来源包括蘑菇（未明确物种）、地衣、松花粉和藻类。
软组织矿化和地方性钙化症。
提醒兽医注意山羊发生地方性钙化症的可能性以及新西兰潜在的致钙化植物的存在；或非植物源性慢性维生素D中毒。
