Lazarina Maria, Michailidou Danai-Eleni, Tsianou Mariana, Kallimanis Athanasios S
Department of Ecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Insects. 2023 Aug 23;14(9):722. doi: 10.3390/insects14090722.
Biodiversity promotes the functioning of ecosystems, and functional redundancy safeguards this functioning against environmental changes. However, what drives functional redundancy remains unclear. We analyzed taxonomic diversity, functional diversity (richness and β-diversity) and functional redundancy patterns of British butterflies. We explored the effect of temperature and landscape-related variables on richness and redundancy using generalized additive models, and on β-diversity using generalized dissimilarity models. The species richness-functional richness relationship was saturating, indicating functional redundancy in species-rich communities. Assemblages did not deviate from random expectations regarding functional richness. Temperature exerted a significant effect on all diversity aspects and on redundancy, with the latter relationship being unimodal. Landscape-related variables played a role in driving observed patterns. Although taxonomic and functional β-diversity were highly congruent, the model of taxonomic β-diversity explained more deviance than the model of functional β-diversity did. Species-rich butterfly assemblages exhibited functional redundancy. Climate- and landscape-related variables emerged as significant drivers of diversity and redundancy. Τaxonomic β-diversity was more strongly associated with the environmental gradient, while functional β-diversity was driven more strongly by stochasticity. Temperature promoted species richness and β-diversity, but warmer areas exhibited lower levels of functional redundancy. This might be related to the land uses prevailing in warmer areas (e.g., agricultural intensification).
生物多样性促进生态系统功能的发挥，而功能冗余则保障这种功能免受环境变化的影响。然而，驱动功能冗余的因素仍不明确。我们分析了英国蝴蝶的分类多样性、功能多样性（丰富度和β多样性）以及功能冗余模式。我们使用广义相加模型探讨了温度和景观相关变量对丰富度和冗余度的影响，使用广义相异模型探讨了其对β多样性的影响。物种丰富度与功能丰富度之间的关系呈饱和状态，表明物种丰富的群落中存在功能冗余。集合在功能丰富度方面并未偏离随机预期。温度对所有多样性方面和冗余度均有显著影响，且后者的关系呈单峰型。景观相关变量在驱动观察到的模式方面发挥了作用。尽管分类β多样性和功能β多样性高度一致，但分类β多样性模型比功能β多样性模型解释的偏差更多。物种丰富的蝴蝶集合表现出功能冗余。气候和景观相关变量成为多样性和冗余度的重要驱动因素。分类β多样性与环境梯度的关联更强，而功能β多样性受随机性的驱动更强。温度促进了物种丰富度和β多样性，但温暖地区的功能冗余水平较低。这可能与温暖地区盛行的土地利用方式（如农业集约化）有关。
