Sugumaran Manickam, Evans Jason J
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
J Funct Biomater. 2023 Sep 1;14(9):449. doi: 10.3390/jfb14090449.
Catecholamine metabolites are not only involved in primary metabolism, but also in secondary metabolism, serving a diverse array of physiologically and biochemically important functions. Melanin, which originates from dopa and dopamine, found in the hair, eye, and skin of all animals, is an important biopolymeric pigment. It provides protection against damaging solar radiation to animals. N-Acetyldopamine and N-β-alanyldopamine play a crucial role in the hardening of the exoskeletons of all insects. In addition, insects and other arthropods utilize the melanogenic process as a key component of their defense systems. Many marine organisms utilize dopyl peptides and proteins as bonding materials to adhere to various substrata. Moreover, the complex dopa derivatives that are precursors to the formation of the exoskeletons of numerous marine organisms also exhibit antibiotic properties. The biochemistry and mechanistic transformations of different catecholamine derivatives to produce various biomaterials with antioxidant, antibiotic, crosslinking, and gluing capabilities are highlighted. These reactivities are exhibited through the transient and highly reactive quinones, quinone methides, and quinone methide imine amide intermediates, as well as chelation to metal ions. A careful consideration of the reactivities summarized in this review will inspire numerous strategies for synthesizing novel biomaterials for future medical and industrial use.
儿茶酚胺代谢物不仅参与初级代谢，还参与次级代谢，具有多种生理和生化重要功能。黑色素由多巴和多巴胺生成，存在于所有动物的毛发、眼睛和皮肤中，是一种重要的生物聚合色素。它为动物提供抵御有害太阳辐射的保护。N-乙酰多巴胺和N-β-丙氨酰多巴胺在所有昆虫外骨骼的硬化过程中起关键作用。此外，昆虫和其他节肢动物将黑色素生成过程作为其防御系统的关键组成部分。许多海洋生物利用多巴胺肽和蛋白质作为粘结材料附着在各种基质上。此外，众多海洋生物外骨骼形成的前体复杂多巴衍生物也具有抗生素特性。本文重点介绍了不同儿茶酚胺衍生物的生物化学和机理转化，以产生具有抗氧化、抗生素、交联和粘合能力的各种生物材料。这些反应通过瞬态且高反应性的醌、醌甲基化物和醌甲基亚胺酰胺中间体以及与金属离子的螯合作用表现出来。仔细考虑本综述中总结的反应性将激发众多合成新型生物材料的策略，用于未来的医学和工业用途。
