Zimmerman Thea, Rothstein Melissa, Dixit-Joshi Sujata, Vericker Tracy, Gola Alice Ann H, Lovellette Grant
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2024 Mar;124(3):379-386.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.09.010. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
Although research shows that children from households with low incomes have diet quality that is better during the school year vs the summer, very little research exists around the nutritional quality of summer meals available to children through the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) summer meals programs.
The objective was to examine the extent to which summer meals contributed to meeting the daily nutritional goals from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) for 9- to 13-year-olds. The current study also analyzed the types of food offered and the top food sources of energy and nutrients in summer lunches.
This cross-sectional study analyzed a nationally representative sample of summer meal sites participating in the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) or the Seamless Summer Option (SSO).
Weekly lunch menus were obtained from 731 summer meal sites operating in the summer of 2018 (SFSP sites: n = 578; SSO sites: n = 153).
Outcome measures included the most frequently offered foods in the major food groups. The energy and nutrient content of lunches offered were estimated and compared with the daily nutritional goals provided by the 2015-2020 DGAs for 9- to 13-year-olds.
Menu data were entered into USDA's SurveyNet and linked to the USDA's Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2015-2016. Foods were classified into major and minor food groups from the USDA's School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study. The energy and nutrient values were compared with the daily nutritional goals provided by the DGAs for children ages 9 to 13 years.
Summer lunches provided substantial contributions toward the daily goals for energy and nutrients for 9- to 13-year-olds. SSO programs provided significantly more vegetables than SFSP programs (P < 0.05) and contained significantly higher amounts of vitamins A (P < 0.05), C (P < 0.05), and iron (P < 0.05). Sodium amounts were below the daily limit for 9- to 13-year-olds across both program types.
Although SSO lunches offered more vegetables than SFSP lunches, lunches served in both SSO and SFSP contributed substantially toward the daily goals for energy and nutrients.
尽管研究表明，与夏季相比，低收入家庭的孩子在学年期间的饮食质量更好，但关于美国农业部（USDA）夏季膳食计划为儿童提供的夏季膳食营养质量的研究却很少。
目的是研究夏季膳食在多大程度上有助于9至13岁儿童实现《2015 - 2020年美国人膳食指南》（DGAs）中的每日营养目标。本研究还分析了夏季午餐提供的食物类型以及能量和营养素的主要食物来源。
这项横断面研究分析了参与夏季食品服务计划（SFSP）或无缝夏季选项（SSO）的具有全国代表性的夏季膳食场所样本。
从2018年夏季运营的731个夏季膳食场所获取每周午餐菜单（SFSP场所：n = 578；SSO场所：n = 153）。
观察指标包括主要食物组中最常提供的食物。估计所提供午餐的能量和营养成分，并与《2015 - 2020年美国人膳食指南》为9至13岁儿童提供的每日营养目标进行比较。
菜单数据输入到美国农业部的SurveyNet中，并与美国农业部2015 - 2016年膳食研究食品和营养数据库相关联。根据美国农业部的学校营养和膳食成本研究，将食物分为主要和次要食物组。将能量和营养值与《美国人膳食指南》为9至13岁儿童提供的每日营养目标进行比较。
夏季午餐对9至13岁儿童的每日能量和营养目标有很大贡献。SSO计划提供的蔬菜比SFSP计划多得多（P < 0.05），并且含有显著更多的维生素A（P < 0.05）, C（P < 0.05）和铁（P < 0.05）。两种计划类型的钠含量均低于9至13岁儿童的每日限量。
尽管SSO午餐提供的蔬菜比SFSP午餐多，但SSO和SFSP提供的午餐对能量和营养的每日目标都有很大贡献。
